Press n or j to go to the next uncovered block, b, p or k for the previous block.
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// =============================================================================
// MANDELBROT FRACTAL EXPLORER - APPLICATION ARCHITECTURE
// =============================================================================
//
// This application renders the Mandelbrot set with deep zoom capabilities,
// GPU acceleration, and extended-precision mathematics (DD and QD) for
// trillion-fold magnification.
//
// CORE COMPONENTS:
//
// 1. MandelbrotExplorer - Main application controller (this class below)
// - Initializes all subsystems
// - Coordinates application lifecycle
// - Manages fullscreen mode and theme cycling
//
// 2. StateStore - Centralized state container
// - Holds all application state in immutable tree
// - Provides dispatch() to update state via actions
// - Maintains action log for debugging
//
// 3. Config - Configuration facade
// - Property getters/setters that delegate to StateStore
// - Handles viewport sizing and color themes
// - Maintains backward compatibility
//
// 4. Grid - Canvas and view manager
// - Creates/destroys View objects for each zoom level
// - Manages canvas DOM elements
// - Coordinates with Scheduler for worker threads
//
// 5. View - Individual zoom level rendering
// - Stores pixel iteration data
// - Renders to canvas using color themes
// - Manages multi-resolution compositing
//
// 6. Board subclasses - Fractal computation engines (run in worker threads)
// - CpuBoard: Basic CPU computation
// - PerturbationBoard: DD precision deep zoom (CPU)
// - DDZhuoranBoard: Period detection for convergence (CPU)
// - GpuBoard: WebGPU parallel computation
// - GpuZhuoranBoard: WebGPU with period detection and perturbation
//
// UPDATE CYCLE EXAMPLE:
//
// User clicks canvas to zoom
// ↓
// EventHandler → ZoomManager.cellclick()
// ↓
// Grid.makeView() creates new View and canvas
// │
// ├─→ Scheduler assigns Board to worker thread
// │ ↓
// │ Worker computes iterations, sends progress updates
// │ ↓
// │ Grid.updateViewFromWorkerResult() updates View
// │ ↓
// │ View.color() renders pixels to canvas
// │
// └─→ Grid.notifyurl() → URLHandler.updateurl() syncs browser URL
//
// OTHER CLASSES:
//
// - EventHandler: Mouse and keyboard input processing
// - ZoomManager: Zoom rectangle selection and coordinate calculation
// - URLHandler: Browser URL synchronization for bookmarking/sharing
// - Scheduler: Worker thread pool management and load balancing
// - MovieMode: Smooth zoom video recording and MP4 generation
// - OrbitComputer: Hover-to-show orbit visualization
// - RedrawProcess: Progressive rendering coordination
// - ReferenceOrbitThreading: Deep zoom perturbation helper
//
// =============================================================================
// Main application controller that coordinates all subsystems.
class MandelbrotExplorer {
constructor() {
// Create unified state store
this.store = new StateStore();
// Create subsystems with state store integration
this.config = new Config(this.store);
this.grid = new Grid(this.config, this.store);
this.zoomManager = new ZoomManager(this.config, this.grid);
this.urlHandler = new URLHandler(this.config, this.grid, this.store);
this.eventHandler = new EventHandler(this);
this.movieMode = new MovieMode(this);
this.orbitComputer = new OrbitComputer(this);
this.redrawProcess = new RedrawProcess(this);
this.movieContainer = document.getElementById('movie');
this.allViewsCompleted = false;
// Listen for fullscreen changes
document.addEventListener('fullscreenchange', () => this.onFullscreenChange());
// Clear native tooltip when hovering over zoom numbers to show custom tooltip
document.addEventListener('mouseover', (e) => {
if (e.target.classList.contains('zoomnum') || e.target.closest('.zoomnum')) {
const isZoomnum = e.target.classList.contains('zoomnum');
const zoomnum = isZoomnum ? e.target : e.target.closest('.zoomnum');
const gridDiv = zoomnum.closest('#grid > div');
if (gridDiv) {
gridDiv.setAttribute('title', '');
}
}
});
}
start() {
this.startTime = Date.now();
console.log(new Date);
let startState = this.urlHandler.parseUrl();
this.config.initSizes();
// Fill in default sizes if none were specified in URL
if (startState.sizes.length === 0) {
startState.sizes = this.config.firststate().sizes;
}
// Convert zoom/size from URL to absolute size
// zoomFromUrl: {mantissa, exponent} from z= parameter
// sizeFromUrl: {mantissa, exponent} from s= parameter (legacy)
let actualSize = null;
if (this.config.sizeFromUrl !== undefined) {
// s= parameter: size value directly (e.g., s=1e-15)
const { mantissa, exponent } = this.config.sizeFromUrl;
delete this.config.sizeFromUrl;
const size = mantissa * Math.pow(10, exponent);
if (size === 0 || !isFinite(size)) {
console.warn(`Size too extreme, capping at minimum supported size (~3e-310)`);
actualSize = 3e-310;
} else {
actualSize = size;
}
} else if (this.config.zoomFromUrl !== undefined) {
// z= parameter: {mantissa, exponent} for extreme zoom values
const { mantissa, exponent } = this.config.zoomFromUrl;
delete this.config.zoomFromUrl;
// Compute size = firstsize / zoom = (firstsize / mantissa) * 10^(-exponent)
// Now firstsize has the correct aspect-ratio-adjusted value
const baseSize = this.config.firstsize / mantissa;
const size = baseSize * Math.pow(10, -exponent);
if (size === 0 || !isFinite(size)) {
// Cap at ~1e310 zoom to ensure pixel sizes remain representable
console.warn(`Zoom too extreme, capping at maximum supported zoom (~1e310)`);
actualSize = 3e-310;
} else {
actualSize = size;
}
}
if (actualSize !== null) {
// Fill in sizes with the zoom-adjusted value
for (let i = 0; i < startState.sizes.length; i++) {
if (startState.sizes[i][0] === null) {
startState.sizes[i][0] = actualSize / Math.pow(this.config.zoomfactor, i);
}
}
} else {
// Fill in sizes with default firstsize
for (let i = 0; i < startState.sizes.length; i++) {
if (startState.sizes[i][0] === null) {
startState.sizes[i][0] = this.config.firstsize / Math.pow(this.config.zoomfactor, i);
}
}
}
this.initPlatform();
this.grid.updateLayout(startState);
this.grid.setupFullscreenButtonHover();
this.eventHandler.setup();
this.grid.updateHiddenViews(); // Initial update of hidden boards
}
checkAllViewsComplete() {
if (this.allViewsCompleted) return;
// Check if all views are done
const allDone = this.grid.views.every(view => view && view.un === 0);
if (allDone && this.grid.views.length > 0) {
this.allViewsCompleted = true;
const elapsed = Date.now() - this.startTime;
console.log(`All views completed in ${(elapsed / 1000).toFixed(2)}s`);
}
}
cycleUnknownColor(backward) {
const palette = this.config.unknownColorPalette;
const inc = backward ? palette.length - 1 : 1;
const currentIndex = palette.indexOf(this.config.unknowncolor);
const ind = (currentIndex + inc) % palette.length;
this.config.setUnknowncolor(palette[ind]);
// Update div backgrounds instead of redrawing canvases
for (let k = 0; k < this.grid.views.length; ++k) {
const canvas = this.grid.canvas(k);
if (canvas && canvas.parentElement) {
canvas.parentElement.style.backgroundColor = this.config.unknowncolor;
}
}
this.urlHandler.updateurl();
}
cycleColorTheme(backward) {
const inc = backward ? this.config.colorThemes.all.length - 1 : 1;
const themes = this.config.colorThemes.all;
const currentIndex = themes.indexOf(this.config.theme);
const nextIndex = (currentIndex + inc) % themes.length;
this.config.setTheme(themes[nextIndex]);
this.redrawProcess.start();
this.urlHandler.updateurl();
}
toggleFullscreen() {
if (!document.fullscreenElement) {
// Save pre-fullscreen settings
this.preFullscreenGridcols = this.config.gridcols;
this.preFullscreenAspectRatio = this.config.aspectRatio;
document.documentElement.requestFullscreen().catch(err => {
console.log(`Error attempting to enable fullscreen: ${err.message}`);
});
} else {
if (document.exitFullscreen) {
document.exitFullscreen();
}
}
}
onFullscreenChange() {
// Update state
if (this.store) {
this.store.dispatch(
this.store.actions.setFullscreen(!!document.fullscreenElement)
);
}
// Exit movie mode if active
if (this.movieMode.active) {
this.movieMode.toggle();
}
if (document.fullscreenElement) {
// Entering fullscreen
// Only process if grid has views
if (!this.grid.views || this.grid.views.length === 0) {
return;
}
// Delay to allow browser to fully transition to fullscreen
setTimeout(() => {
// Calculate fullscreen aspect ratio from actual window dimensions
const viewportWidth = window.innerWidth;
const viewportHeight = window.innerHeight;
const viewportAspectRatio = viewportWidth / viewportHeight;
const oldFirstsize = this.config.firstsize;
// Set grid to 1 column and aspect ratio to match viewport (batched)
this.store.dispatch(this.store.actions.updateConfig({
gridcols: 1,
aspectRatio: viewportAspectRatio
}));
// Get current state before recalculating sizes
const state = this.grid.currentGridState();
// Call initSizes to recalculate dimensions for fullscreen
this.config.initSizes();
const newFirstsize = this.config.firstsize;
// Scale all existing view sizes proportionally
const scaleFactor = newFirstsize / oldFirstsize;
for (let i = 0; i < state.sizes.length; i++) {
state.sizes[i][0] *= scaleFactor;
}
// Skip initSizes in updateLayout since we already called it
this.grid.updateLayout(state, true);
// Only update URL if we have views
if (this.grid.views && this.grid.views.length > 0) {
this.urlHandler.updateurl();
}
// Scroll to top immediately
window.scrollTo(0, 0);
}, 100); // 100ms delay to allow fullscreen transition
} else {
// Exiting fullscreen - restore pre-fullscreen settings
if (this.preFullscreenGridcols !== undefined && this.grid.views &&
this.grid.views.length > 0) {
const oldFirstsize = this.config.firstsize;
// Restore pre-fullscreen settings (batched)
this.store.dispatch(this.store.actions.updateConfig({
gridcols: this.preFullscreenGridcols,
aspectRatio: this.preFullscreenAspectRatio
}));
// Get current state before recalculating sizes
const state = this.grid.currentGridState();
// Call initSizes to recalculate dimensions
this.config.initSizes();
const newFirstsize = this.config.firstsize;
// Scale all existing view sizes proportionally
const scaleFactor = newFirstsize / oldFirstsize;
for (let i = 0; i < state.sizes.length; i++) {
state.sizes[i][0] *= scaleFactor;
}
// Skip initSizes in updateLayout since we already called it
this.grid.updateLayout(state, true);
this.urlHandler.updateurl();
}
}
}
initPlatform() {
if (this.config.mac) {
for (let el of document.querySelectorAll('[mac]')) {
el.innerHTML = el.getAttribute('mac');
}
}
if (this.config.mobile) {
for (let el of document.querySelectorAll('[mobile]')) {
el.innerHTML = el.getAttribute('mobile');
}
}
for (let el of document.querySelectorAll('.moviemode')) {
el.href = '#movie';
el.onclick = (() => {
if (this.grid.views.length > 1) {
this.movieMode.toggle();
}
return true;
});
}
// Set up fullscreen button
const fullscreenButton = document.getElementById('fullscreen-button');
if (fullscreenButton) {
fullscreenButton.onclick = () => {
this.toggleFullscreen();
};
}
}
}
// Centralized state management with action dispatch pattern.
class StateStore {
constructor() {
this.state = this.createInitialState();
this.actionLog = []; // For debugging
this.enableLogging = false; // Set to true for debugging
}
createInitialState() {
return {
// Viewport and rendering configuration
config: {
// Canvas dimensions
vw: 0, // Viewport width
gridcols: 1, // Number of grid columns
cssDims: 0, // CSS pixel size
cssDimsWidth: 0, // CSS width
cssDimsHeight: 0, // CSS height
dimsWidth: 0, // Canvas pixel width
dimsHeight: 0, // Canvas pixel height
pixelRatio: 2, // Device pixel ratio
// Computation parameters
exponent: 2, // Mandelbrot exponent (z^n + c)
enableGPU: true, // Allow WebGPU acceleration
forceBoard: null, // Force specific board type
debug: null, // Debug string for controlling behaviors
// Display parameters
theme: 'warm', // Color theme
unknowncolor: '#000', // Color for uncomputed pixels
zoomfactor: 5, // Default zoom factor
aspectRatio: 1.0, // Default aspect ratio
// Initial view parameters
firstsize: 3.0, // Initial view size
// Platform detection
mobile: false,
mac: false
},
// Views (zoom levels)
views: [], // Array of { k, sizes: [size, re, im], hidden, parentK }
// UI state
ui: {
mouseDown: false,
mouseButton: null,
mousePosition: { x: 0, y: 0 },
focusedView: null, // Currently focused view index
zoomRectangle: null, // { k, x, y, width, height }
orbitPoint: null, // { k, x, y, orbit: [...] }
movieMode: {
active: false,
progress: 0,
rendering: false
},
fullscreen: false
},
// Computation status (updated from workers)
computation: {
views: {}, // k -> { un, di, ch, it, workerInfo, boardType }
isComputing: false,
allCompleted: false
}
};
}
// Get current state (immutable)
getState() {
return this.state;
}
// Dispatch an action to update state
dispatch(action) {
if (this.enableLogging) {
console.log('Action:', action.type, action);
console.log('Old state:', JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(this.state)));
}
const oldState = this.state;
this.state = this.reducer(this.state, action);
if (this.enableLogging) {
console.log('New state:', JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(this.state)));
this.actionLog.push({ action, oldState, newState: this.state, timestamp: Date.now() });
}
}
// Reducer: pure function that computes new state from old state + action
reducer(state, action) {
switch (action.type) {
// Configuration updates
case 'CONFIG_INIT_SIZES': {
const { vw, gridcols, cssDims, cssDimsWidth, cssDimsHeight,
dimsWidth, dimsHeight, pixelRatio, firstsize } = action;
return {
...state,
config: {
...state.config,
vw,
gridcols,
cssDims,
cssDimsWidth,
cssDimsHeight,
dimsWidth,
dimsHeight,
pixelRatio,
firstsize
}
};
}
case 'CONFIG_SET_ASPECT_RATIO':
return {
...state,
config: { ...state.config, aspectRatio: action.aspectRatio }
};
case 'CONFIG_SET_THEME':
return {
...state,
config: { ...state.config, theme: action.theme }
};
case 'CONFIG_SET_PIXEL_RATIO':
return {
...state,
config: { ...state.config, pixelRatio: action.pixelRatio }
};
case 'CONFIG_SET_UNKNOWN_COLOR':
return {
...state,
config: { ...state.config, unknowncolor: action.unknowncolor }
};
case 'CONFIG_UPDATE':
return {
...state,
config: { ...state.config, ...action.config }
};
// UI state updates
case 'UI_MOUSE_DOWN':
return {
...state,
ui: {
...state.ui,
mouseDown: true,
mouseButton: action.button,
mousePosition: action.position
}
};
case 'UI_MOUSE_UP':
return {
...state,
ui: {
...state.ui,
mouseDown: false,
mouseButton: null
}
};
case 'UI_MOUSE_MOVE':
return {
...state,
ui: {
...state.ui,
mousePosition: action.position
}
};
case 'UI_SET_FOCUSED_VIEW':
return {
...state,
ui: { ...state.ui, focusedView: action.k }
};
case 'UI_MOVIE_MODE_TOGGLE':
return {
...state,
ui: {
...state.ui,
movieMode: {
...state.ui.movieMode,
active: !state.ui.movieMode.active
}
}
};
case 'UI_SET_FULLSCREEN':
return {
...state,
ui: { ...state.ui, fullscreen: action.fullscreen }
};
// Computation status updates
case 'COMPUTATION_UPDATE_VIEW': {
const { k, un, di, ch, it, workerInfo, boardType } = action;
return {
...state,
computation: {
...state.computation,
views: {
...state.computation.views,
[k]: { un, di, ch, it, workerInfo, boardType }
}
}
};
}
default:
return state;
}
}
// Action creators (convenience methods)
actions = {
// Config actions
initSizes: (sizes) => ({ type: 'CONFIG_INIT_SIZES', ...sizes }),
setAspectRatio: (aspectRatio) => ({ type: 'CONFIG_SET_ASPECT_RATIO', aspectRatio }),
setTheme: (theme) => ({ type: 'CONFIG_SET_THEME', theme }),
setPixelRatio: (pixelRatio) => ({ type: 'CONFIG_SET_PIXEL_RATIO', pixelRatio }),
setUnknownColor: (unknowncolor) => ({ type: 'CONFIG_SET_UNKNOWN_COLOR', unknowncolor }),
updateConfig: (config) => ({ type: 'CONFIG_UPDATE', config }),
// UI actions
mouseDown: (button, position) => ({ type: 'UI_MOUSE_DOWN', button, position }),
mouseUp: () => ({ type: 'UI_MOUSE_UP' }),
mouseMove: (position) => ({ type: 'UI_MOUSE_MOVE', position }),
setFocusedView: (k) => ({ type: 'UI_SET_FOCUSED_VIEW', k }),
toggleMovieMode: () => ({ type: 'UI_MOVIE_MODE_TOGGLE' }),
setFullscreen: (fullscreen) => ({ type: 'UI_SET_FULLSCREEN', fullscreen }),
// Computation actions
updateComputationView: (k, data) => ({
type: 'COMPUTATION_UPDATE_VIEW',
k,
un: data.un,
di: data.di,
ch: data.ch,
it: data.it,
workerInfo: data.workerInfo,
boardType: data.boardType
})
};
}
// Global configuration: display dimensions, palettes, and render settings.
class Config {
// Constants for iteration and convergence
static MAX_CHAOTIC_ITERATIONS = 100000;
// Constants for display and zoom
static DEFAULT_ZOOM_FACTOR = 5;
static DEFAULT_ASPECT_RATIO = 1.0;
static WIDESCREEN_ASPECT_RATIO = 16 / 9;
static CENTER_COORDINATE = 0.5;
// Feigenbaum / Myrberg point (real-axis accumulation point of period doubling)
// OEIS A218453: 65-digit precision, parsed to quad-double (QD) format
static get FEIGENBAUM_POINT_QD() {
if (!this._FEIGENBAUM_POINT_QD) {
this._FEIGENBAUM_POINT_QD = decimalToQD(
'-1.4011551890920506005238267878938612922263080433973196089372614966');
}
return this._FEIGENBAUM_POINT_QD;
}
constructor(store) {
this.store = store;
// Initialize viewport width
document.body.style.overflowY = 'scroll';
const vw = document.documentElement.clientWidth || (window.innerWidth - 20);
document.body.style.overflowY = '';
// Calculate initial values
const dgc = Math.min(2, Math.ceil(vw / 501));
const pixelRatio = Math.max(Math.ceil(window.devicePixelRatio || 1), 2);
const mobile = ('ontouchstart' in document.documentElement);
const mac = (navigator.platform.indexOf('Mac') === 0);
// Initialize state
this.store.dispatch(this.store.actions.updateConfig({
vw,
gridcols: dgc,
exponent: 2,
enableGPU: true,
forceBoard: null,
firstrQD: [-0.5, 0, 0, 0],
firstjQD: [0.0, 0, 0, 0],
firstsize: 3.0,
pixelRatio,
zoomfactor: Config.DEFAULT_ZOOM_FACTOR,
aspectRatio: Config.DEFAULT_ASPECT_RATIO,
theme: 'warm',
unknowncolor: '#000',
mobile,
mac
}));
// Color palette options (not stored in state)
this.unknownColorPalette = ["#000", "transparent", "#fff", "yellow", "red", "rgb(32,16,64)"];
this.defineColorThemes();
}
// Read-only property getters (set once in constructor/URL or computed)
get vw() { return this.store.getState().config.vw; }
get cssDimsWidth() { return this.store.getState().config.cssDimsWidth; }
get cssDimsHeight() { return this.store.getState().config.cssDimsHeight; }
get dimsWidth() { return this.store.getState().config.dimsWidth; }
get dimsHeight() { return this.store.getState().config.dimsHeight; }
get zoomfactor() { return this.store.getState().config.zoomfactor; }
get firstsize() { return this.store.getState().config.firstsize; }
get mobile() { return this.store.getState().config.mobile; }
get mac() { return this.store.getState().config.mac; }
get exponent() { return this.store.getState().config.exponent; }
get enableGPU() { return this.store.getState().config.enableGPU; }
get forceBoard() { return this.store.getState().config.forceBoard; }
get debug() { return this.store.getState().config.debug; }
// Check if a debug flag is set (supports both simple flags and key=value flags)
// Examples: debug=m,x=foo,t → hasDebugFlag('m')=true, hasDebugFlag('x')=true
hasDebugFlag(flag) {
const debug = this.debug;
if (!debug) return false;
const parts = debug.split(',').map(f => f.trim());
return parts.some(p => p === flag || p.startsWith(flag + '='));
}
// Get the value of a debug flag (returns null if not set or no value)
// Examples: debug=m,x=foo,t → getDebugFlag('x')='foo', getDebugFlag('m')=null
getDebugFlag(flag) {
const debug = this.debug;
if (!debug) return null;
const parts = debug.split(',').map(f => f.trim());
for (const part of parts) {
if (part === flag) return null; // Flag exists but has no value
if (part.startsWith(flag + '=')) {
return part.substring(flag.length + 1);
}
}
return null;
}
get firstrQD() { return this.store.getState().config.firstrQD; }
get firstjQD() { return this.store.getState().config.firstjQD; }
// Backward compatibility computed property
get dimsArea() { return this.dimsWidth * this.dimsHeight; }
// Writable properties - only these have runtime setter methods
get gridcols() { return this.store.getState().config.gridcols; }
setGridcols(value) {
this.store.dispatch(this.store.actions.updateConfig({ gridcols: value }));
}
get pixelRatio() { return this.store.getState().config.pixelRatio; }
setPixelRatio(value) {
this.store.dispatch(this.store.actions.setPixelRatio(value));
}
get aspectRatio() { return this.store.getState().config.aspectRatio; }
setAspectRatio(value) {
this.store.dispatch(this.store.actions.setAspectRatio(value));
}
get theme() { return this.store.getState().config.theme; }
setTheme(value) {
this.store.dispatch(this.store.actions.setTheme(value));
}
get unknowncolor() { return this.store.getState().config.unknowncolor; }
setUnknowncolor(value) {
this.store.dispatch(this.store.actions.setUnknownColor(value));
}
defineColorThemes() {
this.colorThemes = {
warm: (i, frac, fracD, fracL, s) => {
frac = Math.max(frac, Math.min(0.99, fracD / (Math.max(1e-3, fracL))));
let hue = (Math.log(i + 20) * 200) % 360;
let chroma = 100;
let light = 15 * frac + 85 * frac ** 5;
return hclColor(hue, chroma, light);
},
neon: (i, frac, fracD, fracL, s) => {
// Keep colors saturated - no desaturation to white at high iterations
frac = Math.max(frac, Math.min(0.99, fracD / (Math.max(1e-3, fracL))));
// Use logarithmic scaling for iteration count to keep bands visible at high iterations
let angle = (Math.log(i + 10) * 0.8) * Math.PI;
// Generate three offset sine waves for RGB, keeping them always saturated
// Add phase offsets to create color variety
let r = Math.abs(Math.sin(angle));
let g = Math.abs(Math.sin(angle + Math.PI * 2/3));
let b = Math.abs(Math.sin(angle + Math.PI * 4/3));
// Boost saturation by pushing down the minimum channel
let minChannel = Math.min(r, g, b);
r = Math.max(0, r - minChannel * 2/3);
g = Math.max(0, g - minChannel * 2/3);
b = Math.max(0, b - minChannel * 2/3);
// Normalize so at least one channel is always at full brightness
let maxChannel = Math.max(r, g, b);
if (maxChannel > 0) {
r /= maxChannel;
g /= maxChannel;
b /= maxChannel;
}
// Scale for neon glow - higher brightness for more saturation
let brightness = 0.5 + 0.4 * frac;
r = intcolor(r * brightness);
g = intcolor(g * brightness);
b = intcolor(b * brightness);
return `rgb(${r},${g},${b})`;
},
iceblue: (i, frac, fracD, fracL, s) => {
// Current implementation
let ff = Math.pow(frac, 2);
let fr = Math.pow(frac, 0.333);
let fg = Math.pow(frac, 3);
let g = intcolor(Math.max(fg, Math.min(fr, i * Math.pow(s, 0.33) / 64)));
let r = intcolor(Math.min(fr, i * Math.pow(s, 0.22) / 64));
let b = intcolor(ff / 3 + 0.667);
return `rgb(${r},${g},${b})`;
},
tiedye: (i, frac, fracD, fracL, s) => {
frac = Math.max(frac, Math.min(0.99, fracD / (Math.max(1e-3, fracL))));
let hue = (Math.log(i + 20) * 1000) % 360;
let chroma = 100;
let light = 25 * frac + 75 * frac ** 5;
return hclColor(hue, chroma, light);
},
gray: (i, frac, fracD, fracL, s) => {
frac = Math.max(frac, Math.min(0.99, fracD / (Math.max(1e-3, fracL))));
let value = intcolor(0.15 + 0.85 * frac ** 5);
return `rgb(${value},${value},${value})`;
},
// Add more color themes here
};
this.colorThemes.all = Object.keys(this.colorThemes);
}
initSizes() {
let cssDims, cssDimsWidth, cssDimsHeight;
// In fullscreen, use full window dimensions with no margins
if (document.fullscreenElement) {
const availWidth = window.innerWidth;
const availHeight = window.innerHeight;
// Directly set width and height to fill the viewport
cssDimsWidth = availWidth;
cssDimsHeight = availHeight;
cssDims = cssDimsWidth; // For compatibility
} else {
cssDims = Math.max(32, Math.floor((this.vw - 28) / this.gridcols) - 20);
// Calculate width and height based on aspect ratio
if (this.aspectRatio >= 1.0) {
// Wider than tall
cssDimsWidth = cssDims;
cssDimsHeight = Math.floor(cssDims / this.aspectRatio);
} else {
// Taller than wide
cssDimsHeight = cssDims;
cssDimsWidth = Math.floor(cssDims * this.aspectRatio);
}
}
const dimsWidth = Math.floor(cssDimsWidth * this.pixelRatio);
const dimsHeight = Math.floor(cssDimsHeight * this.pixelRatio);
// Calculate firstsize to ensure we fit width extent of 3 and height extent of 2.5
// Width constraint: size must be at least 3.0
// Height constraint: size / aspectRatio must be at least 2.5, so size >= 2.5 * aspectRatio
const firstsize = Math.max(3.0, 2.5 * this.aspectRatio);
// Dispatch all updates at once
this.store.dispatch(this.store.actions.initSizes({
vw: this.vw,
gridcols: this.gridcols,
cssDims,
cssDimsWidth,
cssDimsHeight,
dimsWidth,
dimsHeight,
pixelRatio: this.pixelRatio,
firstsize
}));
// Update DOM elements
for (const el of document.querySelectorAll('.pixelratio')) {
el.innerText = this.pixelRatio;
}
for (const el of document.querySelectorAll('#text')) {
const minHelpWidth = 390;
const helpColumns = Math.ceil((minHelpWidth + 36) / (cssDims + 20));
// Columns plus margin minus padding
el.style.maxWidth = `${(cssDims + 20) * helpColumns - 20 - 16}px`;
}
}
updateExponent(newExponent) {
if (newExponent < 2) { return; }
// Bulk update exponent and initial center (origin for z^n, n>2)
this.store.dispatch(this.store.actions.updateConfig({
exponent: newExponent,
firstrQD: [newExponent > 2 ? 0.0 : -0.5, 0, 0, 0],
firstjQD: [0.0, 0, 0, 0]
}));
for (const el of document.querySelectorAll('.exponent')) {
el.innerText = newExponent;
}
}
firststate() {
return {sizes:[[this.firstsize, this.firstrQD, this.firstjQD]], hidden:[]};
}
}
// Rendering layer that draws computed pixel data to canvas.
class View {
constructor(k, size, re, im, config, id, grid = null) {
this.k = k;
this.id = id;
this.config = config;
this.grid = grid;
this.convergedData = new Map();
// Multi-resolution compositing
this.parentView = null;
this.childView = null;
this.initview(size, re, im);
this.workerInfo = 'no worker';
this.boardType = null;
// Store exponent at creation time - views computed with different exponent are incompatible
this.exponent = config.exponent;
}
// Getter properties that derive from sizesQD (the authoritative source)
// sizesQD format: [sizeDouble, reQD, imQD]
get size() { return this.sizesQD[0]; }
get re() { return this.sizesQD[1]; }
get im() { return this.sizesQD[2]; }
// Derived scalar properties
get pixelSize() { return this.size / this.config.dimsWidth; }
get zoomFactor() { return this.config.firstsize / this.size; }
// Static helper: lookup histogram fractions for a given iteration count
static lookupHistogram(i, histogram) {
let j = 0;
for (; j < histogram.length - 1 && i < histogram[j][0]; j += 1) {}
// Clamp to last valid index if iteration exceeds histogram range
j = Math.min(j, histogram.length - 1);
const [, uFrac, dFrac, lFrac] = histogram[j];
return {
fracK: 1 - uFrac, // Fraction known
fracD: 1 - dFrac, // Fraction diverged
fracL: 1 - lFrac // Estimated limit on fracD
};
}
initview(size, re, im) {
// Store size as double (sufficient for scaling), coordinates as QD
this.sizesQD = [typeof size === 'number' ? size : qdToNumber(size), toQD(re), toQD(im)];
this.nn = new Array(this.config.dimsArea).fill(0);
this.un = this.config.dimsArea;
this.di = 0;
this.ch = 0;
this.it = 0;
this.hi = [[0, 1, 1, 0]];
this.convergedData.clear();
this.boardStartTime = Date.now();
this.boardEndTime = null;
}
setParentView(parentView) {
// Clear old parent's reference to us
if (this.parentView && this.parentView.childView === this) {
this.parentView.childView = null;
}
this.parentView = parentView;
if (parentView) {
// Clear old child reference before setting new one
if (parentView.childView && parentView.childView !== this) {
parentView.childView.parentView = null;
}
parentView.childView = this;
}
}
updateFromWorkerResult(data) {
const { changeList, un, di, ch, it, workerInfo, boardType } = data;
const changedIndices = [];
for (const { nn, vv, iter } of changeList) {
for (const index of nn) {
this.nn[index] = iter;
changedIndices.push(index);
}
for (const entry of vv) {
const { index, z, p } = entry;
this.nn[index] = -iter;
this.convergedData.set(index, { z: toQDc(z), p }); // Normalize to QDc format
changedIndices.push(index);
}
this.di += nn.length;
this.un -= nn.length + vv.length;
this.updateHistogram(this.un, this.di, iter);
}
this.un = un;
this.di = di;
this.ch = ch;
this.it = it;
this.workerInfo = workerInfo;
if (boardType) {
this.boardType = boardType;
}
// Freeze stats timing when board completes (un === 0 means 100%)
if (this.un === 0 && !this.boardEndTime) {
this.boardEndTime = Date.now();
}
// Propagate updates to child view
if (this.childView && changedIndices.length > 0) {
this.updateChildPixels(changedIndices);
}
}
updateChildPixels(parentIndices) {
// No-op: child computes its own pixels, no need for parent updates
}
currentc(j) {
const { dimsWidth, dimsHeight, aspectRatio } = this.config;
const x = j % dimsWidth;
const y = Math.floor(j / dimsWidth);
const rFrac = (x / dimsWidth) - Config.CENTER_COORDINATE;
const jFrac = Config.CENTER_COORDINATE - (y / dimsHeight);
// Use QD precision for scaling to preserve accuracy at deep zoom
const rQD = toQDAdd(this.re, toQDScale(this.size, rFrac));
const iQD = toQDAdd(this.im, toQDScale(this.size, jFrac / aspectRatio));
// Return QD complex format (8 elements: 4 real + 4 imaginary) for full precision
return [rQD[0], rQD[1], rQD[2], rQD[3], iQD[0], iQD[1], iQD[2], iQD[3]];
}
currentz(j) {
const data = this.convergedData.get(j);
return data ? data.z : null;
}
currentp(j) {
const data = this.convergedData.get(j);
return data ? data.p : null;
}
updateHistogram(un, di, i) {
if (this.hi[0][1] - un / this.config.dimsArea >= 1 / 256) { // Histogram resolution
const uFrac = un / this.config.dimsArea;
const dFrac = 1 - di / this.config.dimsArea;
this.hi.unshift([i, uFrac, dFrac, 0]);
if (this.hi.length > 10) {
// Estimate the limit of di as i goes to infinity.
const sample = this.hi.slice(0, this.hi.length - 2).map(
(e, i) => ({ x: e[0], y: e[2], weight: (e[0] - this.hi[i+1][0]) ** 4 })
).reverse();
const estimate = Math.min(1, Math.max(0, estimateLimit(sample)));
// Smooth the estimate.
const avg = (estimate + this.hi[1][3] * 4) / 5;
this.hi[0][3] = avg;
}
}
}
draw(ctx, colorview = null, unknownColor = 'transparent') {
if (colorview === null) {
colorview = this;
}
// Draw composite: parent pixels + local pixels
if (this.parentView) {
this.drawComposite(ctx, colorview, unknownColor);
} else {
// No parent, just draw normally
this.drawLocal(ctx, colorview, unknownColor);
}
}
drawLocal(ctx, colorview = null, unknownColor = 'transparent') {
// Draw only locally computed pixels
if (colorview === null) {
colorview = this;
}
const n = this.nn;
const msort = n.map((v, i) => i).sort((a, b) => n[a] - n[b]);
let prev = null;
for (let m of msort) {
const x = m % this.config.dimsWidth;
const y = (m - x) / this.config.dimsWidth;
const cur = n[m];
if (prev !== cur) {
ctx.fillStyle = colorview.makecolor(cur, null, null, unknownColor);
prev = cur;
}
ctx.fillRect(x, y, 1, 1);
}
}
// Calculate coordinate mapping from parent to child canvas using QD precision
calculateParentMapping() {
const parent = this.parentView;
const { dimsWidth, dimsHeight, aspectRatio } = this.config;
const [childSizeQD, childCenterRQD, childCenterIQD] = this.sizesQD;
const [parentSizeQD, parentCenterRQD, parentCenterIQD] = parent.sizesQD;
const childSize = qdToNumber(childSizeQD);
const parentSize = qdToNumber(parentSizeQD);
const parentHeight = parentSize / aspectRatio;
// sx = ((childCenterR - parentCenterR) + (parentSize - childSize)/2) / parentSize * dimsWidth
const deltaR = toQDSub(childCenterRQD, parentCenterRQD);
const deltaRNum = qdToNumber(deltaR);
const sx = ((deltaRNum + (parentSize - childSize) / 2) / parentSize) * dimsWidth;
// sy = (deltaI + (parentHeight - childHeight)/2) / parentHeight * dimsHeight
const childHeight = childSize / aspectRatio;
const deltaI = toQDSub(parentCenterIQD, childCenterIQD);
const deltaINum = qdToNumber(deltaI);
const sy = ((deltaINum + (parentHeight - childHeight) / 2) / parentHeight) * dimsHeight;
const sw = (childSize / parentSize) * dimsWidth;
const sh = (childSize / parentSize) * dimsHeight;
return { sx, sy, sw, sh };
}
// Check if a parent pixel should be cleared (unknown or on boundary)
shouldClearParentPixel(px, py, parentData, sx, sy, sw, sh) {
const { dimsWidth, dimsHeight } = this.config;
if (px < 0 || px >= dimsWidth || py < 0 || py >= dimsHeight) {
return false;
}
const parentIdx = py * dimsWidth + px;
const val = parentData[parentIdx];
// Clear if unknown
if (val === 0) return true;
// Check for diverged/converged boundary
const isDiverged = val > 0;
const isConverged = val < 0;
// Check 4-connected neighbors for opposite type
const neighbors = [
py > 0 ? parentData[(py - 1) * dimsWidth + px] : null,
py < dimsHeight - 1 ? parentData[(py + 1) * dimsWidth + px] : null,
px > 0 ? parentData[py * dimsWidth + (px - 1)] : null,
px < dimsWidth - 1 ? parentData[py * dimsWidth + (px + 1)] : null,
];
for (const n of neighbors) {
if (n !== null && n !== 0) {
if ((isDiverged && n < 0) || (isConverged && n > 0)) {
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
drawComposite(ctx, colorview = null, unknownColor = 'transparent') {
// Draw parent canvas scaled as background, then local pixels on top
if (colorview === null) {
colorview = this;
}
// Clear canvas
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, this.config.dimsWidth, this.config.dimsHeight);
// Draw scaled parent canvas as background, but inflate unknown parent pixels
// to avoid showing fuzzy boundary pixels
if (this.parentView && this.grid) {
const parent = this.parentView;
const parentCanvas = this.grid.canvas(parent.k);
if (parentCanvas) {
const { sx, sy, sw, sh } = this.calculateParentMapping();
// Create a temporary canvas at 3x parent resolution for finer inflation control
const upsample = 3;
// Calculate source dimensions in parent pixels (integer + 2px padding)
const srcW = Math.ceil(sw) + 2;
const srcH = Math.ceil(sh) + 2;
// Dest must be exactly 3x source for proper pixel alignment
const tempCanvas = document.createElement('canvas');
tempCanvas.width = srcW * upsample;
tempCanvas.height = srcH * upsample;
const tempCtx = tempCanvas.getContext('2d');
// Draw parent region upsampled 3x (with 1px padding at parent resolution)
tempCtx.drawImage(parentCanvas,
Math.floor(sx) - 1, Math.floor(sy) - 1,
srcW, srcH,
0, 0, srcW * upsample, srcH * upsample);
// Inflate unknown parent pixels and diverged/converged boundaries
const parentData = parent.nn;
for (let py = Math.floor(sy) - 1; py < Math.ceil(sy + sh) + 1; py++) {
for (let px = Math.floor(sx) - 1; px < Math.ceil(sx + sw) + 1; px++) {
if (this.shouldClearParentPixel(px, py, parentData, sx, sy, sw, sh)) {
// Clear pixel and 1-pixel margin at upsampled resolution
// Each parent pixel maps to a 3x3 block, plus 1px inflation = 5x5 area
const tx = (px - Math.floor(sx) + 1) * upsample;
const ty = (py - Math.floor(sy) + 1) * upsample;
for (let dy = -1; dy < upsample + 1; dy++) {
for (let dx = -1; dx < upsample + 1; dx++) {
tempCtx.clearRect(tx + dx, ty + dy, 1, 1);
}
}
}
}
}
// Draw the masked parent pixels scaled to child canvas (faded)
// Account for fractional pixel offset within the temp canvas
// sx, sy may be fractional (e.g., 10.3), so child's edge isn't at an integer parent pixel
const fracX = sx - Math.floor(sx); // Fractional part (e.g., 0.3)
const fracY = sy - Math.floor(sy);
const tempSrcX = upsample + fracX * upsample; // e.g., 3 + 0.3*3 = 3.9
const tempSrcY = upsample + fracY * upsample;
ctx.globalAlpha = 0.5; // 50% opacity for parent pixels
ctx.drawImage(tempCanvas,
tempSrcX, tempSrcY,
(srcW - 2) * upsample, (srcH - 2) * upsample,
0, 0, this.config.dimsWidth, this.config.dimsHeight);
ctx.globalAlpha = 1.0; // Restore full opacity
}
}
// Draw local computed pixels on top (using child's palette)
this.drawLocal(ctx, colorview, unknownColor);
}
clearcanvas(ctx) {
// For views with parents, use composite drawing
// For root views, just clear (div background shows through)
if (this.parentView) {
this.drawComposite(ctx);
} else {
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, this.config.dimsWidth, this.config.dimsHeight);
}
}
drawchange(ctx, change) {
if (change.nn.length) {
// Draw diverged pixels - nn contains plain indices
ctx.fillStyle = this.makecolor(change.iter);
for (let m of change.nn) {
const x = m % this.config.dimsWidth;
const y = (m - x) / this.config.dimsWidth;
ctx.fillRect(x, y, 1, 1);
}
}
if (change.vv.length) {
// Draw converged pixels - vv contains {index, r, i} objects
ctx.fillStyle = this.makecolor(-change.iter);
for (let v of change.vv) {
const x = v.index % this.config.dimsWidth;
const y = (v.index - x) / this.config.dimsWidth;
ctx.fillRect(x, y, 1, 1);
}
}
}
makecolor(i, histogram = null, scale = null, unknownColor = 'transparent') {
if (i === 0) return unknownColor; // Color for uncomputed pixels
if (i < 0) return 'black';
const hi = histogram || this.hi;
const size = scale || this.size;
const fracs = View.lookupHistogram(i, hi);
return this.config.colorThemes[this.config.theme](
i, fracs.fracK, fracs.fracD, fracs.fracL, size);
}
uninteresting() {
// Boring: nothing computed, or done with less than 5 colors
return this.di <= 0 || (this.un === 0 && this.hi.length <= 5);
}
unfinished() {
// Chaotic points in the spike counted as finished after max iterations.
const result = Math.max(0, this.un +
(this.it < Config.MAX_CHAOTIC_ITERATIONS ? 0 : -this.ch));
return result;
}
debugStatus() {
const debugGraph = this.renderHiGraph(600, 300);
const maxPeriod = this.convergedData.values().map(
d => fibonacciPeriod(d.p)).reduce((a, b) => Math.max(a, b), 0);
const maxEscape = this.nn.reduce((a, b) => Math.max(a, b), 0)
this.nn.reduce((iMin, x, i, arr) => x < arr[iMin] ? i : iMin, 0);
const boardName = this.boardType || 'Board';
// Calculate performance metrics (freeze timing when board completes)
const endTime = this.boardEndTime || Date.now();
const elapsedSecs = (endTime - this.boardStartTime) / 1000;
const finishedPixels = this.di + this.ch;
const itersPerSec = elapsedSecs > 0 ? this.it / elapsedSecs : 0;
const pixelsPerSec = elapsedSecs > 0 ? finishedPixels / elapsedSecs : 0;
// Format rate: always show 3 significant digits, readable format
const formatRate = (r) => {
if (r === 0) return '0';
if (r >= 1000) return formatLargeInt(Math.round(r)); // comma-formatted integers
return r.toPrecision(3); // handles 0.001 to 999, and scientific for very small/large
};
return `${formatRate(itersPerSec)} iter/s, ${formatRate(pixelsPerSec)} px/s (${elapsedSecs.toFixed(1)}s)\n` +
`${boardName} ${this.id}:\n` +
`${this.di} diverged, ${this.un} unfinished, ${this.ch} chaotic\n` +
`max period ${maxPeriod}, max escape ${maxEscape}\n` +
`${this.workerInfo}\n` +
`<img src="${debugGraph}" style="width:300px;height:150px">`;
}
renderHiGraph(width, height) {
const canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
canvas.width = width;
canvas.height = height;
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
const hi = this.hi;
const scale = [
(y) => y / hi[Math.floor(hi.length / 8)][0] / 2,
(y) => y,
(y) => y,
(y) => y,
];
const barWidth = width / (hi.length * scale.length);
// Background
ctx.fillStyle = 'white';
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
// Draw bars
const colors = ['blue', 'red', 'green', 'purple'];
hi.forEach((row, i) => {
row.forEach((value, j) => {
const x = i * scale.length * barWidth + j * barWidth;
const barHeight = scale[j](value) * (height - 20);
ctx.fillStyle = colors[j];
ctx.fillRect(x, height - barHeight - 10, barWidth, barHeight);
});
});
// Draw x-axis
ctx.strokeStyle = 'black';
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(0, height - 10);
ctx.lineTo(width, height - 10);
ctx.stroke();
// Add labels
ctx.font = '20px Arial';
ctx.shadowColor = 'white';
ctx.shadowBlur = 8;
ctx.fillStyle = 'red';
ctx.fillText(`Undone: ${this.hi[0][1]}`, 5, 30);
ctx.fillStyle = 'green';
ctx.fillText(`Dark: ${this.hi[0][2]}`, 5, 60);
ctx.fillStyle = 'purple';
ctx.fillText(`Est: ${this.hi[0][3]}`, 5, 90);
return canvas.toDataURL();
}
}
// Manages the array of views and their layout in the grid.
class Grid {
constructor(config, store = null) {
this.config = config;
this.store = store;
this.views = [];
this.canvascount = 0;
this.focusk = null;
this.urlListeners = [];
this.zoomListeners = [];
this.scheduler = new Scheduler(this);
// Stable views - only populated during an update process.
// Holds union of views that can be reused if popstate fires mid-update.
// Cleared to null when update completes (this.views is then the stable state).
this.stableViews = null;
this._mouseOverBoard = false; // Track if mouse is over board views
}
makeView(k, size, re, im, deferComputation = false) {
const id = k + Math.random();
const view = new View(k, size, re, im, this.config, id, this);
this.views[k] = view;
// Set up parent-child relationship for multi-resolution compositing
if (k > 0 && this.views[k - 1]) {
view.setParentView(this.views[k - 1]);
}
if (!deferComputation) {
this.scheduler.assignBoardToWorker(k, size, re, im, this.config, id);
}
return view;
}
startViewComputation(k) {
// Start computation for a view (stage 3)
const view = this.views[k];
if (!view) return;
this.scheduler.assignBoardToWorker(
k, view.size, view.re, view.im, this.config, view.id);
}
removeView(k) {
this.views[k] = null;
let i = this.views.length - 1;
for (i = this.views.length - 1; i >= 0; i -= 1) {
if (this.views[i] !== null) { break; }
}
this.views.length = i + 1;
this.scheduler.removeBoardFromWorker(k);
}
setFocusedView(k) {
if (k !== this.focusk) {
this.focusk = k;
this.scheduler.setFocusedBoard(k);
}
}
getHiddenViews() {
return this.views.map((v, i) =>
this.hiddencanvas(i) ? i : -1).filter(i => i !== -1);
}
updateHiddenViews() {
this.scheduler.setHiddenBoards(this.getHiddenViews());
}
updateViewFromWorkerResult(k, data, workerIndex) {
// First check current views
if (this.views[k]) {
if (this.views[k].id !== data.id) {
return;
}
this.views[k].updateFromWorkerResult(data);
this.updateCanvas(k, data);
// Update state with computation status
if (this.store) {
this.store.dispatch(
this.store.actions.updateComputationView(k, {
un: data.un,
di: data.di,
ch: data.ch,
it: data.it,
workerInfo: data.workerInfo,
boardType: data.boardType
})
);
}
return;
}
// If not in current views, check stableViews (may be mid-update)
// This ensures we don't lose messages during updateLayout transitions
if (this.stableViews) {
for (const view of this.stableViews) {
if (view && view.id === data.id) {
view.updateFromWorkerResult(data);
return;
}
}
}
}
updateCanvas(k, data) {
const canvas = this.canvas(k);
if (canvas && data.changeList.length) {
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
for (let change of data.changeList) {
this.views[k].drawchange(ctx, change);
}
}
}
currentGridState() {
let state = { hidden: [], sizes: [] };
for (let k = 0; k < this.views.length; k++) {
if (this.hiddencanvas(k)) {
state.hidden.push(k);
}
// State format: [sizeScalar, reQD, imQD] for backward compatibility
state.sizes.push([this.views[k].size, this.views[k].re, this.views[k].im]);
}
return state;
}
updateLayout(state = null, skipInitSizes = false) {
// Abort any current update process and preserve its target state
if (this.currentUpdateProcess) {
if (!state) {
state = this.currentUpdateProcess.targetState;
}
this.currentUpdateProcess.abort();
}
// Use current state only if no state provided and no process to abort
if (!state) {
state = this.currentGridState();
}
// Recalculate dimensions unless explicitly skipped
if (!skipInitSizes) {
this.config.initSizes();
}
// Save current views to stableViews for potential reuse.
// This does NOT remove boards from workers - they continue computing.
// Boards will be cleaned up at end of update for any views not reused.
this.saveViewsToStable();
// Find views to preserve by coordinate matching
const preservedViews = this.findPreservableViews(state.sizes);
// Clear and recreate the grid DOM (views array already cleared by saveViewsToStable)
const gridElement = document.getElementById('grid');
gridElement.innerHTML = '';
this.canvascount = 0;
// Create canvases for all views in the state
const {sizes, hidden} = state;
for (let k = 0; k < sizes.length; k++) {
this.makecanvas(k, sizes[k]);
if (hidden.includes(k)) {
this.hidecanvas(k);
}
}
// Update workers with hidden boards BEFORE creating boards
// to prevent hidden boards from computing
this.updateHiddenViews();
this.currentUpdateProcess = this.createUpdateProcess(state, preservedViews);
this.currentUpdateProcess.start();
}
// Find views in stableViews that match target coordinates, dimensions, and exponent
// Returns Map of targetIdx -> view
findPreservableViews(targetSizes) {
const preservedViews = new Map();
const targetArea = this.config.dimsWidth * this.config.dimsHeight;
const targetExponent = this.config.exponent;
// Helper to check if a view matches target coordinates, dimensions, AND exponent
const viewMatchesTarget = (view, targetSizes) => {
if (!view || !view.sizesQD || !targetSizes) return false;
// Check exponent matches (views computed with different exponent are incompatible)
if (view.exponent !== targetExponent) return false;
// Check dimensions match
const viewArea = view.nn?.length || 0;
if (viewArea !== targetArea) return false;
const [viewSizeQD, viewReQD, viewImQD] = view.sizesQD;
const viewSize = qdToNumber(viewSizeQD);
const [targetSize, targetRe, targetIm] = targetSizes;
// Check zoom level - must be within 0.1%
const sizeRatio = targetSize / viewSize;
if (sizeRatio < 0.999 || sizeRatio > 1.001) return false;
// Check coordinates - tolerance is 0.01% of view extent
// Use QD subtraction to avoid precision loss at deep zoom
const tolerance = viewSize * 0.0001;
const reDiff = Math.abs(qdToNumber(toQDSub(viewReQD, targetRe)));
const imDiff = Math.abs(qdToNumber(toQDSub(viewImQD, targetIm)));
return reDiff < tolerance && imDiff < tolerance;
};
for (let targetIdx = 0; targetIdx < targetSizes.length; targetIdx++) {
const targetSize = targetSizes[targetIdx];
// Search stableViews for best match (most computed data)
let bestView = null;
let bestDi = -1;
for (const view of (this.stableViews || [])) {
if (!viewMatchesTarget(view, targetSize)) continue;
if (view.di > bestDi) {
bestDi = view.di;
bestView = view;
}
}
if (bestView) {
preservedViews.set(targetIdx, bestView);
}
}
return preservedViews;
}
createUpdateProcess(state, preservedViews) {
let aborted = false;
const usedViewIds = new Set(); // Track which stableView IDs were reused
// Build list of indices that need new views (not preserved)
const newViewIndices = [];
for (let k = 0; k < state.sizes.length; k++) {
if (!preservedViews.has(k)) {
newViewIndices.push(k);
}
}
// Function to place all preserved views immediately (called by start)
const placePreservedViews = () => {
for (let k = 0; k < state.sizes.length; k++) {
const preserved = preservedViews.get(k);
if (preserved) {
usedViewIds.add(preserved.id);
const oldK = preserved.k;
preserved.k = k;
this.views[k] = preserved;
// Only need to update scheduler if the index changed
if (oldK !== k) {
this.scheduler.removeBoardFromWorker(oldK);
this.scheduler.assignBoardToWorker(
k, preserved.size, preserved.re, preserved.im,
this.config, preserved.id);
}
// Set up parent-child relationship (view 0 has no parent)
if (k > 0 && this.views[k - 1]) {
preserved.setParentView(this.views[k - 1]);
} else if (k === 0) {
preserved.setParentView(null);
}
// Draw the preserved view to the canvas immediately
this.views[k].draw(this.canvas(k).getContext('2d'));
if (state.hidden.indexOf(k) >= 0) {
this.hidecanvas(k);
}
}
}
};
// Now process new views with 50ms delays
let newViewIndex = 0;
const processNextNew = () => {
if (aborted) {
return;
}
if (newViewIndex >= newViewIndices.length) {
// All done
this.notifyurl();
this.notifyzoom();
this.updateHiddenViews();
this.cleanupUnusedStableViews(usedViewIds);
this.currentUpdateProcess = null;
return;
}
const k = newViewIndices[newViewIndex];
this.views[k] = this.makeView(k, state.sizes[k][0], state.sizes[k][1], state.sizes[k][2]);
this.views[k].draw(this.canvas(k).getContext('2d'));
// Set up parent-child relationship for new view
if (k > 0 && this.views[k - 1]) {
this.views[k].setParentView(this.views[k - 1]);
}
if (state.hidden.indexOf(k) >= 0) {
this.hidecanvas(k);
}
this.updateFullscreenButton();
newViewIndex++;
setTimeout(processNextNew, 50);
};
return {
targetState: state,
start: () => {
// Place preserved views immediately (synchronously) on start
placePreservedViews();
this.updateFullscreenButton();
if (newViewIndices.length === 0) {
// No new views, finish immediately
this.notifyurl();
this.notifyzoom();
this.updateHiddenViews();
this.cleanupUnusedStableViews(usedViewIds);
this.currentUpdateProcess = null;
} else {
processNextNew();
}
},
abort: () => { aborted = true; }
};
}
makecanvas(k, sizeInfo = null) {
let gd = document.getElementById('grid');
while (this.canvascount <= k) {
let dd = document.createElement('div');
dd.id = `b_${this.canvascount}`;
dd.innerHTML = this.canvasstring(this.canvascount, sizeInfo);
dd.className = 'hidemarks';
dd.style.backgroundColor = this.config.unknowncolor;
gd.appendChild(dd);
this.canvascount += 1;
}
}
canvasstring(k, sizeInfo = null) {
// Use firstsize (which varies with aspect ratio) for display consistency
let viewSize;
if (k < this.views.length) {
viewSize = this.views[k].size;
} else if (sizeInfo && sizeInfo[0] !== null) {
viewSize = sizeInfo[0];
} else {
viewSize = this.config.firstsize / Math.pow(this.config.zoomfactor, k);
}
let factor = this.config.firstsize / viewSize;
factor = formatScale(factor);
const w = this.config.dimsWidth;
const h = this.config.dimsHeight;
const cssW = this.config.cssDimsWidth;
const cssH = this.config.cssDimsHeight;
return `<canvas width="${w}" height="${h}" ` +
`style="height:${cssH}px;width:${cssW}px;">` +
`</canvas><div class="closebox"></div><div class="rect"></div>` +
`<canvas class=overlay width=${w} height="${h}" ` +
`style="height:${cssH}px;width:${cssW}px;">` +
`</canvas><a class="zoomnum" target="_blank" href="?">${factor}` +
`<div class="status"></div></a>`;
}
// Get the container element for a view
container(k) {
return document.getElementById(`b_${k}`);
}
canvas(k) {
return this.container(k)?.firstElementChild;
}
rect(k) {
return this.container(k)?.firstElementChild?.nextElementSibling?.nextElementSibling;
}
overlay(k) {
const container = this.container(k);
return container?.firstElementChild?.nextElementSibling
?.nextElementSibling?.nextElementSibling;
}
hidecanvas(k) {
const container = this.container(k);
if (container) {
container.style.display = 'none';
}
}
showcanvas(k) {
const container = this.container(k);
if (container) {
container.style.display = '';
}
}
hiddencanvas(k) {
const container = this.container(k);
return container?.style.display === 'none';
}
grid() {
return document.getElementById('grid');
}
truncateviews(k) {
while (this.views.length > k) {
let removeIndex = this.views.length - 1;
this.removeView(removeIndex);
}
while (this.canvascount > k) {
let removeIndex = this.canvascount - 1;
this.canvas(removeIndex)?.parentElement?.remove();
this.canvascount -= 1;
}
}
// Save current views to stableViews for potential reuse during navigation.
// Unlike truncateviews, this does NOT remove boards from workers - they continue
// computing (or stay paused if hidden). The boards will be cleaned up later
// when stableViews is discarded.
saveViewsToStable() {
const viewsToSave = new Map();
// Add existing stableViews first
for (const view of (this.stableViews || [])) {
if (view) viewsToSave.set(view.id, view);
}
// Add current views (may overlap with stableViews)
for (const view of this.views) {
if (view) viewsToSave.set(view.id, view);
}
this.stableViews = Array.from(viewsToSave.values());
// Clear views array without removing boards
this.views = [];
}
// Clean up boards for stableViews that weren't reused.
// Called at the end of a successful update.
cleanupUnusedStableViews(usedViewIds) {
if (!this.stableViews) return;
for (const view of this.stableViews) {
if (view && !usedViewIds.has(view.id)) {
// This view wasn't reused - remove its board from the worker.
// Pass the view's ID so we only remove if the board at that index
// still belongs to this view (not a new board created in its place).
this.scheduler.removeBoardFromWorker(view.k, view.id);
}
}
this.stableViews = null;
// Debug check: verify no orphan boards remain after cleanup
this.scheduler.checkForOrphanBoards(this.views);
}
showAllViews() {
for (let j = 0; j < this.canvascount; ++j) {
this.showcanvas(j);
}
this.notifyzoom();
}
truncatehiddenviews() {
let j = this.canvascount - 1;
for (; j > 0; j--) {
if (!this.hiddencanvas(j)) {
break;
}
}
this.truncateviews(j + 1);
if (j === 0) {
this.showcanvas(j);
}
}
updateProgress(overtarget, k) {
if (overtarget.tagName === 'A' && overtarget.classList.contains('zoomnum')) {
if (this.config.mobile) {
overtarget.removeAttribute('href');
} else {
overtarget.href = this.bigurl(k, overtarget.showDebug);
}
let statusDiv = overtarget.querySelector('.status');
if (!statusDiv) return;
if (!overtarget.matches(':hover')) {
// Clear text and reset alignment after animation transition
setTimeout(() => {
statusDiv.textContent = '';
statusDiv.classList.remove('align-left');
statusDiv.style.left = '';
}, 300);
return;
}
// Regular status
// Use unfinished() for percentage (accounts for chaotic pixels after max iterations)
const unfinishedCount = this.views[k].unfinished();
let percentDone = Math.floor(1000 * (1.0 - unfinishedCount / this.config.dimsArea))/10.0;
// Cap at 99.9% until truly complete to avoid showing 100% while still computing
if (unfinishedCount > 0 && percentDone >= 99.9) {
percentDone = 99.9;
}
// Use QD precision coordinates when available to preserve full precision in status
const coords = formatcomplex(k, this.views[k].re, this.views[k].im)
.replaceAll('-', '\u2212');
const iters = formatLargeInt(this.views[k].it);
const regularStatus = `${MSG.center_at_}${coords}\n${percentDone}` +
`${MSG.percent_done_after_}${iters}${MSG.iters}`;
statusDiv.textContent = regularStatus;
// Debug status
if (overtarget.showDebug) {
statusDiv.innerHTML += `\n${this.views[k].debugStatus()}`;
}
// Reposition popup if it would go off the left edge of the screen
// Only check once (when not already aligned) to avoid flickering
if (!statusDiv.classList.contains('align-left')) {
const rect = statusDiv.getBoundingClientRect();
if (rect.left < 0) {
// Align with viewport left edge: calculate offset from zoomnum to viewport
const zomnumRect = overtarget.getBoundingClientRect();
statusDiv.classList.add('align-left');
statusDiv.style.left = `${-zomnumRect.left}px`;
}
}
setTimeout(() => this.updateProgress(overtarget, k), 100);
}
}
bigurl(k, debug) {
if (k >= this.views.length) return;
const osize = this.views[k].size;
const zoomFactor = this.config.firstsize / osize; // Zoom factor (1.0 = default)
const exponentParam = this.config.exponent !== 2 ?
`&exponent=${this.config.exponent}` : '';
const themeParam = this.config.theme !== 'warm' ? `&theme=${this.config.theme}` : '';
const coords = formatcomplex(k, this.views[k].re, this.views[k].im);
return `?z=${formatZoom(zoomFactor)}${exponentParam}&c=${coords}${themeParam}`;
}
clearseq(k) {
const overlayElement = this.overlay(k);
if (overlayElement) {
let ctx = overlayElement.getContext('2d');
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, this.config.dimsWidth, this.config.dimsHeight);
}
}
onurlchange(callback) {
this.urlListeners.push(callback);
}
notifyurl() {
for (let cb of this.urlListeners) {
cb();
}
}
onzoomchange(callback) {
this.zoomListeners.push(callback);
}
notifyzoom() {
for (let cb of this.zoomListeners) {
cb();
}
}
updateFullscreenButton() {
const button = document.getElementById('fullscreen-button');
if (button && !document.fullscreenElement) {
// Show button unless mouse is over a board view
button.style.display = 'block';
if (!this._mouseOverBoard) {
button.style.opacity = '0.7';
}
}
}
setupFullscreenButtonHover() {
const button = document.getElementById('fullscreen-button');
const gridElement = document.getElementById('grid');
if (!button || !gridElement) return;
this._mouseOverBoard = false;
// Check if button overlaps with any visible view
const buttonOverlapsViews = () => {
const btnRect = button.getBoundingClientRect();
for (const child of gridElement.children) {
if (child.style.display === 'none') continue;
const viewRect = child.getBoundingClientRect();
// Check for rectangle overlap
if (btnRect.left < viewRect.right && btnRect.right > viewRect.left &&
btnRect.top < viewRect.bottom && btnRect.bottom > viewRect.top) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
};
// Update button visibility based on mouse position and view overlap
const updateButtonVisibility = () => {
if (document.fullscreenElement) return;
if (this._mouseOverBoard && buttonOverlapsViews()) {
button.style.opacity = '0';
button.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
} else {
button.style.opacity = '0.7';
button.style.pointerEvents = '';
}
};
// Fade out button when mouse enters grid AND button overlaps views
gridElement.addEventListener('mouseenter', (e) => {
this._mouseOverBoard = true;
updateButtonVisibility();
}, true);
// Fade in button when mouse leaves the grid entirely
gridElement.addEventListener('mouseleave', (e) => {
this._mouseOverBoard = false;
updateButtonVisibility();
}, true);
// Re-check on scroll in case views now overlap button
window.addEventListener('scroll', updateButtonVisibility, { passive: true });
}
}
// Draws zoom preview rectangles and handles zoom factor UI.
class ZoomManager {
constructor(config, grid) {
this.config = config;
this.grid = grid;
this.grid.onzoomchange(() => this.updateZoomRectangles());
}
showZoomRect(k, x, y, zf) {
const s = this.grid.rect(k).style;
const border = 1;
let cssClass = '';
if (zf > 50) {
// Switch from rectangle to circle if the zoom area is tiny.
zf = 25;
cssClass = 'circle';
}
this.grid.rect(k).parentElement.className = cssClass;
if (cssClass === 'circle') {
// To make a circle, width and height must be equal.
// We use the average of the would-be width and height for the diameter.
const diameter = (this.config.cssDimsWidth + this.config.cssDimsHeight) / 2 / zf;
s.width = `${diameter + 2 * border}px`;
s.height = `${diameter + 2 * border}px`;
s.left = `${x * this.config.cssDimsWidth - diameter / 2 - border}px`;
s.top = `${y * this.config.cssDimsHeight - diameter / 2 - border}px`;
} else {
const rectWidth = this.config.cssDimsWidth / zf;
const rectHeight = this.config.cssDimsHeight / zf;
s.width = `${rectWidth + 2 * border}px`;
s.height = `${rectHeight + 2 * border}px`;
s.left = `${x * this.config.cssDimsWidth - rectWidth / 2 - border}px`;
s.top = `${y * this.config.cssDimsHeight - rectHeight / 2 - border}px`;
}
}
removeZoomRect(k) {
let s = this.grid.rect(k).style;
s.top = s.left = s.width = s.height = '';
this.grid.rect(k).parentElement.className = 'hidemarks';
}
updateZoomRectangles() {
let prevSizeQD = null, prevReQD = null, prevImQD = null;
let prevK = 0;
for (let k = 0; k < this.grid.views.length; k++) {
if (this.grid.hiddencanvas(k)) { continue; }
const view = this.grid.views[k];
if (!view || !view.sizesQD) { continue; }
const [currSizeQD, currReQD, currImQD] = view.sizesQD;
if (prevSizeQD !== null) {
const prevSize = qdToNumber(prevSizeQD);
let x = qdToNumber(toQDSub(currReQD, prevReQD)) / prevSize + 0.5;
let y = 0.5 - qdToNumber(toQDSub(currImQD, prevImQD)) /
(prevSize / this.config.aspectRatio);
let zf = prevSize / qdToNumber(currSizeQD);
this.showZoomRect(prevK, x, y, zf);
}
prevSizeQD = currSizeQD;
prevReQD = currReQD;
prevImQD = currImQD;
prevK = k;
}
if (prevSizeQD !== null) {
this.removeZoomRect(prevK);
}
}
zoomInAtCurrentPosition(hideCurrent) {
let k = this.grid.views.length - 1;
if (this.grid.views[k].uninteresting()) { return; }
let osize = this.grid.views[k].size;
let oreQD = this.grid.views[k].re;
let oimQD = this.grid.views[k].im;
let rre = Config.CENTER_COORDINATE;
// Check if center is at (-0.5, 0) - use QD comparison
if (k === 0 && qdEq(oreQD, -0.5) && qdEq(oimQD, 0)) {
// Myreberg / Feigenbaum point
const baseRe = this.grid.views[0].re;
oreQD = Config.FEIGENBAUM_POINT_QD;
rre = qdToNumber(toQDAdd(
toQDScale(toQDSub(oreQD, baseRe), 1 / this.grid.views[0].size),
Config.CENTER_COORDINATE
));
}
this.showZoomRect(k, rre, 0.5, this.config.zoomfactor);
let nsize = osize / this.config.zoomfactor;
// Stage 1: Create DOM and scroll immediately
// Pass nsize to makecanvas so the zoom label shows correct scientific notation
this.grid.makecanvas(k + 1, [nsize, null, null]);
if (hideCurrent) {
this.grid.canvas(k).parentElement.style.display = 'none';
this.updateZoomRectangles();
this.grid.updateHiddenViews();
}
this.grid.canvas(k + 1).parentElement.className = 'hidemarks';
const canvas = this.grid.canvas(k + 1);
canvas.parentElement.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'center' });
// Force browser to render stage 1 before continuing
canvas.offsetHeight; // Trigger reflow
// Stage 2: Create view structure
setTimeout(() => {
// Pass QD coordinates directly to preserve full precision at deep zoom
let newView = this.grid.makeView(
k + 1, nsize, oreQD, oimQD, true
);
this.grid.notifyurl();
// Stage 3: Draw and start computation
setTimeout(() => {
newView.draw(canvas.getContext('2d'));
this.grid.startViewComputation(k + 1);
}, 0);
}, 0);
}
cellclick(k, m, hideCurrent) {
// Only accept clicks on cells with something computed in them.
if (k >= this.grid.views.length || this.grid.views[k].uninteresting() ||
this.grid.currentUpdateProcess) return;
setTimeout(() => { this.cellclickdelay(k, m, hideCurrent); }, 1);
}
cellclickdelay(k, m, hideCurrent) {
if (k >= this.grid.views.length || this.grid.currentUpdateProcess) return;
let osize = this.grid.views[k].size;
let ore = this.grid.views[k].re;
let oim = this.grid.views[k].im;
let cx = m % this.config.dimsWidth;
let cy = (m - cx) / this.config.dimsWidth;
const rectX = cx / this.config.dimsWidth;
const rectY = cy / this.config.dimsHeight;
this.showZoomRect(k, rectX, rectY, this.config.zoomfactor);
this.grid.truncateviews(k + 1);
// Update hidden views after truncating - this clears any stale hidden board indices
// that no longer exist, preventing them from blocking new boards at those indices
this.grid.updateHiddenViews();
let nsize = osize / this.config.zoomfactor;
// Compute fractional offsets from center (both as simple fractions)
const offsetX = (cx / this.config.dimsWidth) - 0.5;
const offsetY = 0.5 - rectY;
// Scale offsets by size to preserve accuracy at deep zoom (toQDScale handles conversion)
const nreQD = toQDAdd(ore, toQDScale(osize, offsetX));
const nimQD = toQDAdd(oim, toQDScale(osize, offsetY / this.config.aspectRatio));
// Stage 1: Create DOM and scroll immediately (instant visual feedback)
// Pass nsize to makecanvas so the zoom label shows correct scientific notation
this.grid.makecanvas(k + 1, [nsize, null, null]);
this.grid.updateFullscreenButton();
if (hideCurrent) {
this.grid.canvas(k).parentElement.style.display = 'none';
this.updateZoomRectangles();
this.grid.updateHiddenViews();
}
this.grid.canvas(k + 1).parentElement.className = 'hidemarks';
const canvas = this.grid.canvas(k + 1);
canvas.parentElement.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'center' });
// Force browser to render stage 1 before continuing
canvas.offsetHeight; // Trigger reflow
// Stage 2: Create view structure
// Pass QD precision coordinates to preserve full precision at deep zoom
setTimeout(() => {
let newView = this.grid.makeView(k + 1, nsize, nreQD, nimQD, true);
this.grid.showcanvas(k + 1);
this.grid.notifyurl();
document.body.className = '';
// Stage 3: Draw and start computation
setTimeout(() => {
newView.draw(canvas.getContext('2d'));
this.grid.startViewComputation(k + 1);
}, 0);
}, 0);
}
centerViews(includeFirst) {
const lastK = this.grid.views.length - 1;
const oreQD = this.grid.views[lastK].re;
const oimQD = this.grid.views[lastK].im;
// Helper to check if view center is within 0.01% tolerance of target
// Uses QD arithmetic to avoid precision loss at deep zoom
const isWithinTolerance = (view, targetReQD, targetImQD) => {
const viewSize = view.size;
const tolerance = viewSize * 0.0001; // 0.01% of view extent
// Compute difference in QD space, then convert to number
const reDiff = Math.abs(qdToNumber(toQDSub(view.re, targetReQD)));
const imDiff = Math.abs(qdToNumber(toQDSub(view.im, targetImQD)));
return reDiff < tolerance && imDiff < tolerance;
};
// PHASE 1: Identify which views need board recreation (using ORIGINAL coords)
// Must do this BEFORE updating any coordinates
const needsRecreation = [];
for (let k = includeFirst ? 0 : 1; k < this.grid.views.length - 1; k += 1) {
if (qdCompare(this.grid.views[k].re, oreQD) ||
qdCompare(this.grid.views[k].im, oimQD)) {
if (!isWithinTolerance(this.grid.views[k], oreQD, oimQD)) {
needsRecreation.push(k);
}
}
}
// PHASE 2: Update all view coordinates to target
// This ensures URL will be correct immediately
for (let k = includeFirst ? 0 : 1; k < this.grid.views.length - 1; k += 1) {
this.grid.views[k].sizesQD[1] = oreQD;
this.grid.views[k].sizesQD[2] = oimQD;
}
// PHASE 3: Update URL immediately (before expensive board recreation)
// This prevents race condition if user refreshes during processing
this.grid.notifyurl();
// PHASE 4: Show zoom rectangles (coordinates are now all centered)
if (!includeFirst) {
const invPrevSize = 1 / this.grid.views[0].size;
this.showZoomRect(
0,
qdToNumber(toQDAdd(
toQD(0.5),
toQDScale(
toQDSub(oreQD, this.grid.views[0].re),
invPrevSize
))),
qdToNumber(toQDAdd(
toQD(0.5),
toQDScale(
toQDSub(this.grid.views[0].im, oimQD),
invPrevSize * this.config.aspectRatio
))),
this.grid.views[0].size / this.grid.views[1].size);
}
for (let k = includeFirst ? 0 : 1; k < this.grid.views.length - 1; k += 1) {
this.showZoomRect(
k, 0.5, 0.5, this.grid.views[k].size / this.grid.views[k+1].size);
}
// PHASE 5: Recreate boards that were beyond tolerance
for (const k of needsRecreation) {
this.grid.scheduler.removeBoardFromWorker(k);
const nsize = this.grid.views[k].size;
this.grid.makeView(k, nsize, oreQD, oimQD);
this.grid.views[k].clearcanvas(this.grid.canvas(k).getContext('2d'));
this.grid.clearseq(k);
}
}
}
// Synchronizes view state with URL parameters for bookmarking and sharing.
class URLHandler {
constructor(config, grid, store = null) {
this.config = config;
this.grid = grid;
this.store = store;
// Initialize from current URL so changes can be detected
this.lastCenters = this.extractCenters(document.location.search);
this.lastHidden = this.extractHidden(document.location.search);
// Track whether we're processing a popstate event
// During popstate, we should NEVER push new history entries
this.processingPopState = false;
this.grid.onurlchange(x => this.updateurl());
// Handle browser back/forward navigation
window.addEventListener('popstate', () => this.handlePopState());
}
handlePopState() {
// Mark that we're processing a popstate event
// This prevents updateurl() from pushing new history entries
this.processingPopState = true;
// If config parameters that require recomputation changed, reload
if (this.configChangedRequiresRecompute()) {
window.location.reload();
return;
}
// Apply display-only config changes (theme, unknowncolor)
this.applyDisplayConfigFromUrl();
// Parse the URL from history to get target state
const targetState = this.parseUrl();
// Fill in default base view if no centers specified in URL
if (targetState.sizes.length === 0) {
targetState.sizes = [[null, this.config.firstrQD, this.config.firstjQD]];
}
// Build pool of all reusable views (union of stableViews and current views)
// Use a Map to dedupe by id, then convert to array for consistent indexing
// Add stableViews first (they have computed data we want to preserve)
// then current views (may have newer data for same coordinates)
const viewsById = new Map(); // id -> view
for (const view of (this.grid.stableViews || [])) {
if (view) viewsById.set(view.id, view);
}
for (const view of this.grid.views) {
if (view) viewsById.set(view.id, view);
}
const reusableViews = Array.from(viewsById.values());
// Build currentState from reusable views array
// The indices here must match reusableViews array indices
// State format: [sizeDouble, reQD, imQD] - matches sizesQD storage format
const currentState = { hidden: [], sizes: [] };
for (const view of reusableViews) {
currentState.sizes.push(view.sizesQD);
}
// Find views to keep vs recreate by comparing coordinates
const { viewsToKeep, newState } = this.computeViewTransition(currentState, targetState);
if (viewsToKeep.length === 0) {
// No views can be reused, just reload
window.location.reload();
return;
}
// Apply the optimized transition, passing the pool of reusable views
// Note: applyViewTransition triggers updateLayout which is async.
// processingPopState stays > 0 until the update completes and calls notifyurl().
// We decrement it in updateurl() after the update completes.
this.applyViewTransition(viewsToKeep, newState, reusableViews);
}
// Check if config parameters require full recomputation (not just redraw)
configChangedRequiresRecompute() {
const params = new URLSearchParams(document.location.search);
// Parameters that require full recomputation
const exponent = params.get('exponent');
if (exponent && parseInt(exponent) !== this.config.exponent) return true;
const gpu = params.get('gpu');
if (gpu !== null && (parseInt(gpu) !== 0) !== this.config.enableGPU) return true;
const aspectRatio = params.get('a');
if (aspectRatio) {
const m = aspectRatio.match(/(\d+):(\d+)/);
if (m) {
const ratio = parseInt(m[1]) / parseInt(m[2]);
if (Math.abs(ratio - this.config.aspectRatio) > 0.01) return true;
}
}
const pixelRatio = params.get('pixelratio');
if (pixelRatio && parseInt(pixelRatio) !== this.config.pixelRatio) return true;
const grid = params.get('grid');
if (grid && parseInt(grid) !== this.config.gridcols) return true;
return false;
}
// Apply display-only config changes (theme, unknowncolor) without recomputing
// Also restores defaults when parameters are missing from URL
applyDisplayConfigFromUrl() {
const params = new URLSearchParams(document.location.search);
let needsRedraw = false;
// Theme: use URL value or default to 'warm'
const theme = params.get('theme');
const targetTheme = (theme && this.config.colorThemes.all.includes(theme)) ?
theme : 'warm';
if (targetTheme !== this.config.theme) {
this.store.dispatch(this.store.actions.updateConfig({ theme: targetTheme }));
needsRedraw = true;
}
// Unknown color: use URL value or default to '#000'
const unk = params.get('unk');
let targetColor = '#000'; // default
if (unk) {
targetColor = decodeURIComponent(unk);
if (/^[0-9a-fA-F]{3}$|^[0-9a-fA-F]{6}$/.test(targetColor)) {
targetColor = `#${targetColor}`;
}
}
if (targetColor !== this.config.unknowncolor) {
this.store.dispatch(this.store.actions.updateConfig({ unknowncolor: targetColor }));
needsRedraw = true;
}
// Redraw all views if display config changed
if (needsRedraw) {
for (let k = 0; k < this.grid.views.length; k++) {
if (this.grid.views[k]) {
this.grid.views[k].draw(this.grid.canvas(k).getContext('2d'));
}
}
}
}
// Compare current and target states, find which views can be reused
computeViewTransition(currentState, targetState) {
const viewsToKeep = []; // Indices of current views to preserve
const newState = { sizes: [], hidden: targetState.hidden };
// Fill in sizes for target state (parseUrl leaves size as null)
const zoomFactor = this.getZoomFactorFromUrl();
let size = this.config.firstsize / zoomFactor;
for (let i = 0; i < targetState.sizes.length; i++) {
if (i > 0) {
size = size / this.config.zoomfactor;
}
targetState.sizes[i][0] = size;
}
// Match target views against current views by coordinates AND zoom level
// A view is defined by both its center and its size (zoom level)
// Uses QD precision coordinates with 0.01% tolerance thresholds
const viewsMatch = (targetSize, targetRe, targetIm,
currentSize, currentRe, currentIm) => {
// Check zoom level first - must be within 0.1% of each other
const sizeRatio = targetSize / currentSize;
if (sizeRatio < 0.999 || sizeRatio > 1.001) return false;
// Check coordinates - tolerance is 0.01% of the view's visible extent
// Compute difference in QD precision first, then convert magnitude to double
// (converting coords to double first would lose precision at deep zooms)
const tolerance = currentSize * 0.0001;
const reDiff = Math.abs(qdToNumber(toQDSub(targetRe, currentRe)));
const imDiff = Math.abs(qdToNumber(toQDSub(targetIm, currentIm)));
return reDiff < tolerance && imDiff < tolerance;
};
// Track which current views have been matched (can't reuse same view twice)
const usedCurrentIndices = new Set();
for (let targetIdx = 0; targetIdx < targetState.sizes.length; targetIdx++) {
const [targetSize, targetRe, targetIm] = targetState.sizes[targetIdx];
let foundMatch = false;
for (let currentIdx = 0; currentIdx < currentState.sizes.length; currentIdx++) {
// Skip if this current view was already matched to a previous target
if (usedCurrentIndices.has(currentIdx)) continue;
const [currentSize, currentRe, currentIm] = currentState.sizes[currentIdx];
// Compare both coordinates and zoom level
if (viewsMatch(targetSize, targetRe, targetIm, currentSize, currentRe, currentIm)) {
// View matches - reuse it
viewsToKeep.push({ targetIdx, currentIdx });
usedCurrentIndices.add(currentIdx);
// Use current view's size (preserves computation state)
newState.sizes.push(currentState.sizes[currentIdx]);
foundMatch = true;
break;
}
}
if (!foundMatch) {
// No match - need to create new view
newState.sizes.push(targetState.sizes[targetIdx]);
}
}
return { viewsToKeep, newState };
}
/**
* Parse a scientific notation string like "1e400" without JavaScript's parseFloat overflow.
* Returns {mantissa, exponent} where the value = mantissa * 10^exponent.
*/
parseScientificNotation(str) {
str = str.trim().toLowerCase();
// Match patterns like: 1e400, 1.5e+300, 2e-10, 1.23
const match = str.match(/^([+-]?\d*\.?\d+)(?:e([+-]?\d+))?$/);
if (!match) {
return { mantissa: parseFloat(str), exponent: 0 };
}
const mantissa = parseFloat(match[1]);
const exponent = match[2] ? parseInt(match[2], 10) : 0;
return { mantissa, exponent };
}
getZoomFactorFromUrl() {
const params = new URLSearchParams(document.location.search);
let zVal = params.get('z');
if (zVal) {
zVal = zVal.replace(/ /g, '+');
const { mantissa, exponent } = this.parseScientificNotation(zVal);
return mantissa * Math.pow(10, exponent);
}
return 1.0;
}
// Apply the transition - updateLayout will automatically preserve matching views
applyViewTransition(viewsToKeep, newState, reusableViews) {
// Note: processingPopState counter is set in handlePopState and decremented in updateurl()
// This ensures that the notifyurl() call at the end of updateLayout doesn't push history
this.grid.updateLayout(newState);
}
updateurl() {
if (!history.replaceState) return;
// NEVER push history during popstate processing - this would destroy forward history
if (this.processingPopState) {
// Clear the flag - this update was triggered by a popstate
this.processingPopState = false;
// Just update lastCenters/lastHidden to match current URL, no history change
this.lastCenters = this.extractCenters(document.location.search);
this.lastHidden = this.extractHidden(document.location.search);
// Don't call replaceState - the URL is already correct from the popstate
return;
}
const newSearch = this.currenturl();
const newCenters = this.extractCenters(newSearch);
const newHidden = this.extractHidden(newSearch);
var newUrl = new URL(window.location);
newUrl.search = newSearch;
// Use pushState if centers were removed/replaced OR hidden views changed
const centersLost = this.lastCenters !== null &&
centersWereLost(this.lastCenters, newCenters);
const hiddenChanged = this.lastHidden !== null && this.lastHidden !== newHidden;
if (centersLost || hiddenChanged) {
history.pushState(null, '', newUrl);
} else {
history.replaceState(null, '', newUrl);
}
this.lastCenters = newCenters;
this.lastHidden = newHidden;
}
// Extract the c parameter value from a URL string
extractCenters(url) {
const match = url.match(/[?&]c=([^&]*)/);
return match ? match[1] : '';
}
// Extract the h parameter value from a URL string
extractHidden(url) {
const match = url.match(/[?&]h=([^&]*)/);
return match ? match[1] : '';
}
setupUrlParameters() {
// Registry of simple URL parameters with their parse logic
// Each parse function adds properties to the configUpdates object
this.urlParams = [
{
name: 'exponent',
parse: (val, configUpdates) => {
const exponent = Math.max(2, parseInt(val));
configUpdates.exponent = exponent;
if (exponent > 2) { configUpdates.firstrQD = [0.0, 0, 0, 0]; }
// DOM update (side effect, not state)
for (const el of document.querySelectorAll('.exponent')) {
el.innerText = exponent;
}
}
},
{
name: 'gpu',
parse: (val, configUpdates) => {
configUpdates.enableGPU = parseInt(val) !== 0;
}
},
{
name: 'board',
parse: (val, configUpdates) => {
const boardType = val.toLowerCase();
const validTypes = [
'cpu', 'ddz', 'qdz', 'pert', 'qdpert', 'gpu', 'gpuz',
'adaptive', 'qdcpu'
];
if (validTypes.includes(boardType)) {
configUpdates.forceBoard = boardType;
} else {
console.warn(`Invalid board type: ${boardType}. Valid types: ${validTypes.join(', ')}`);
}
}
},
{
name: 'grid',
parse: (val, configUpdates) => {
configUpdates.gridcols = Math.max(1, parseInt(val));
}
},
{
name: 'a',
parse: (val, configUpdates) => {
const m = val.match(/(\d+):(\d+)/);
if (m) {
const width = parseInt(m[1]);
const height = parseInt(m[2]);
if (width > 0 && height > 0) {
configUpdates.aspectRatio = width / height;
}
}
}
},
{
name: 'z',
parse: (val, configUpdates) => {
// URLSearchParams decodes '+' as space, convert back for, e.g., 3e+20
val = val.replace(/ /g, '+');
// Parse scientific notation to handle extreme zoom values (e.g., 1e400)
const { mantissa, exponent } = this.parseScientificNotation(val);
// Store zoom parameters for later - size computation needs
// aspect-ratio-adjusted firstsize
// which isn't available until after initSizes() is called
this.config.zoomFromUrl = { mantissa, exponent };
}
},
{
name: 's',
parse: (val, configUpdates) => {
// Legacy size parameter (e.g., s=1e-15 means view size of 1e-15)
// Read-only: we accept it but output z= in URLs
val = val.replace(/ /g, '+');
const { mantissa, exponent } = this.parseScientificNotation(val);
// Store size directly - will be used as actualSize in initSizes()
this.config.sizeFromUrl = { mantissa, exponent };
}
},
{
name: 'pixelratio',
parse: (val, configUpdates) => {
configUpdates.pixelRatio = Math.max(1, parseInt(val));
}
},
{
name: 'theme',
parse: (val, configUpdates) => {
if (this.config.colorThemes.all.includes(val)) {
configUpdates.theme = val;
}
}
},
{
name: 'unk',
parse: (val, configUpdates) => {
// Allow any CSS color (e.g., 000, rgb(32,16,64), yellow, etc.)
let color = decodeURIComponent(val);
// Auto-prepend # for hex colors (e.g., 888 -> #888)
if (/^[0-9a-fA-F]{3}$|^[0-9a-fA-F]{6}$/.test(color)) {
color = `#${color}`;
}
configUpdates.unknowncolor = color;
}
},
{
name: 'debug',
parse: (val, configUpdates) => {
// Debug flags (comma-separated, supports key=value)
// Suggested flags:
// w = load worker code on main thread (makes Board classes globally available for debugging)
// n = noinit (skip default view creation - starts with blank canvas)
// t = trace (enable detailed logging)
// x=value = example custom flag with value
// Examples: ?debug=w,t or ?debug=w,n or ?debug=w,x=foobar
configUpdates.debug = val;
}
}
];
}
parseUrl() {
const startstate = { hidden: [], sizes: [] };
const params = new URLSearchParams(document.location.search);
// Parse all registered simple parameters
if (!this.urlParams) {
this.setupUrlParameters();
}
// Collect all config updates to batch them into a single dispatch
const configUpdates = {};
for (const param of this.urlParams) {
const value = params.get(param.name);
if (value) {
param.parse(value, configUpdates);
}
}
// Batch update all config changes at once
if (Object.keys(configUpdates).length > 0) {
this.config.store.dispatch(
this.config.store.actions.updateConfig(configUpdates)
);
}
// Parse coordinates parameter
// Note: URLSearchParams decodes '+' as space, so we convert spaces back to '+'
let c = params.get('c');
if (c) {
c = c.replace(/ /g, '+');
for (const coords of c.split(',')) {
// Parse complex number string (empty string returns null to inherit)
const parsed = parseComplexToQD(coords);
// If parsing failed or empty string, inherit from previous or default
if (!parsed) {
startstate.sizes.push([
null, // Placeholder - will be filled in after initSizes()
startstate.sizes.length > 0 ?
startstate.sizes[startstate.sizes.length - 1][1] :
this.config.firstrQD,
startstate.sizes.length > 0 ?
startstate.sizes[startstate.sizes.length - 1][2] :
this.config.firstjQD
]);
} else {
// Store parsed coordinates; size will be calculated later
startstate.sizes.push([
null, // Placeholder - will be filled in after initSizes()
parsed.re,
parsed.im
]);
}
}
}
// Parse hidden views parameter
const h = params.get('h');
if (h) {
startstate.hidden = h.split(',').map(x => parseInt(x));
}
// Don't fill in default sizes yet - wait until after initSizes()
// so that firstsize accounts for aspect ratio
return startstate;
}
currenturl() {
let state = this.grid.currentGridState();
let compactc = '';
let commas = '';
let prev = [this.config.firstrQD, this.config.firstjQD];
let prevj = -1;
for (let j = 0; j <= state.sizes.length; j++) {
const view = this.grid.views[j];
const viewReQD = view ? view.re : state.sizes[j]?.[1];
const viewImQD = view ? view.im : state.sizes[j]?.[2];
if (j < state.sizes.length &&
!qdCompare(viewReQD, prev[0]) &&
!qdCompare(viewImQD, prev[1])) {
commas += ',';
} else {
if (prevj >= 0) {
const pv = this.grid.views[prevj];
const pre = pv ? pv.re : state.sizes[prevj][1];
const pim = pv ? pv.im : state.sizes[prevj][2];
compactc += `${formatcomplex(j - 1, pre, pim)},`;
}
compactc += commas;
if (j < state.sizes.length) {
commas = '';
prev = [viewReQD, viewImQD];
prevj = j;
}
}
}
compactc = compactc.slice(0, -1);
// Calculate zoom factor for URL (z parameter)
let zoomFactor = this.grid.views[0].zoomFactor;
// Format aspect ratio for URL (only if not 1:1)
let aspectRatioParam = '';
if (this.config.aspectRatio !== 1.0) {
const [num, den] = toSimpleFraction(this.config.aspectRatio);
aspectRatioParam = `&a=${num}:${den}`;
}
const url =
(Math.abs(zoomFactor - 1.0) > 0.01
? `&z=${formatZoom(zoomFactor)}` : '') +
aspectRatioParam +
(this.config.exponent !== 2
? `&exponent=${this.config.exponent}` : '') +
(!this.config.enableGPU
? '&gpu=0' : '') +
(this.config.forceBoard
? `&board=${this.config.forceBoard}` : '') +
(compactc.length
? `&c=${compactc}` : '') +
(this.config.gridcols !== Math.min(2, Math.ceil(this.config.vw / 501))
? `&grid=${this.config.gridcols}` : '') +
(state.hidden.length
? `&h=${state.hidden}` : '') +
(this.config.theme !== 'warm'
? `&theme=${this.config.theme}` : '') +
(this.config.unknowncolor !== '#000'
? `&unk=${encodeURIComponent(
/^#[0-9a-fA-F]{3}$|^#[0-9a-fA-F]{6}$/.test(this.config.unknowncolor)
? this.config.unknowncolor.substring(1)
: this.config.unknowncolor)}` : '') +
(this.config.pixelRatio !== 2
? `&pixelratio=${this.config.pixelRatio}` : '') +
(this.config.debug
? `&debug=${this.config.debug}` : '') +
(LANG_FROM_URL ? `&lang=${SELECTED_LANG}` : '');
return url.replace('&', '?');
}
}
// Handles mouse clicks, keyboard commands, and touch events.
class EventHandler {
constructor(explorer) {
this.explorer = explorer;
}
setup() {
this.setupKeyboardCommands();
this.setupEventDelegation();
document.onmousedown = this.onmousedown.bind(this);
document.onmousemove = this.onmousemove.bind(this);
document.onmouseup = this.onmouseup.bind(this);
document.body.onkeydown = this.onkeydown.bind(this);
document.body.onmouseover = this.onmouseover.bind(this);
}
setupEventDelegation() {
// Use event delegation on grid for closebox interactions
const gridElement = document.getElementById('grid');
gridElement.addEventListener('mousedown', (e) => {
if (e.target.classList.contains('closebox')) {
e.stopPropagation();
}
}, true); // Use capture phase
gridElement.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
if (e.target.classList.contains('closebox') &&
!this.explorer.grid.currentUpdateProcess) {
e.target.parentElement.style.display = 'none';
this.explorer.grid.truncatehiddenviews();
this.explorer.zoomManager.updateZoomRectangles();
this.explorer.grid.updateHiddenViews();
this.explorer.grid.updateFullscreenButton();
this.explorer.urlHandler.updateurl();
}
});
// Handle right-click on canvas with custom context menu
gridElement.addEventListener('contextmenu', (e) => {
if (e.target.tagName === 'CANVAS' && !e.target.classList.contains('overlay')) {
// If transparent mode, let native context menu handle it
if (this.explorer.config.unknowncolor === 'transparent') {
return;
}
e.preventDefault();
const canvas = e.target;
// Get view index from canvas parent id (format: b_0, b_1, etc.)
const containerId = canvas.parentElement?.id;
const k = containerId ? parseInt(containerId.split('_')[1]) : 0;
const view = this.explorer.grid.views[k];
// Build filename using view coordinates and zoom
const zoomFactor = this.explorer.config.firstsize / view.size;
const coords = formatcomplex(k, view.re, view.im);
const filename = `mandelbrot-z${formatZoom(zoomFactor)}-c${coords}.png`;
// Create composited canvas with background color
const createCompositedBlob = () => {
return new Promise((resolve) => {
const tempCanvas = document.createElement('canvas');
tempCanvas.width = canvas.width;
tempCanvas.height = canvas.height;
const tempCtx = tempCanvas.getContext('2d');
// Draw background first, then original canvas on top
tempCtx.fillStyle = this.explorer.config.unknowncolor;
tempCtx.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
tempCtx.drawImage(canvas, 0, 0);
tempCanvas.toBlob(resolve, 'image/png');
});
};
// Create and show custom context menu (macOS style)
const menu = document.createElement('div');
menu.style.cssText = `
position: fixed;
left: ${e.clientX}px;
top: ${e.clientY}px;
background: rgba(227, 227, 226, 0.9);
backdrop-filter: blur(20px);
-webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(20px);
border: 0.5px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
border-radius: 6px;
box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
padding: 6px;
z-index: 10000;
font: 13.5px -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
`;
const createMenuItem = (text) => {
const item = document.createElement('div');
item.textContent = text;
item.style.cssText = `
padding: 5px 8px;
margin-bottom: 1px;
cursor: default;
white-space: nowrap;
border-radius: 4px;
color: rgb(35, 35, 35);
text-align: left;
`;
item.addEventListener('mouseenter', () => {
item.style.background = 'rgb(95, 150, 244)';
item.style.color = '#fff';
});
item.addEventListener('mouseleave', () => {
item.style.background = '';
item.style.color = 'rgb(35, 35, 35)';
});
return item;
};
// Blink animation for menu selection
const blinkItem = async (item) => {
item.style.animation = 'menuBlink 0.25s ease-in-out';
await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 250));
};
if (!document.getElementById('menuBlinkStyle')) {
const style = document.createElement('style');
style.id = 'menuBlinkStyle';
style.textContent = `
@keyframes menuBlink {
0%, 100% { background: rgb(95, 150, 244); color: #fff; }
50% { background: transparent; color: rgb(35, 35, 35); }
}
`;
document.head.appendChild(style);
}
// Save image option
const hasSavePicker = !!window.showSaveFilePicker;
const saveItem = createMenuItem(hasSavePicker ? 'Save Image As...' : 'Download Image');
saveItem.addEventListener('click', async () => {
if (window.showSaveFilePicker) {
// Start blink but don't await - must call picker synchronously for user gesture
saveItem.style.animation = 'menuBlink 0.25s ease-in-out';
setTimeout(() => menu.remove(), 250);
try {
const handle = await window.showSaveFilePicker({
suggestedName: filename,
startIn: 'downloads',
types: [{
description: 'PNG Image',
accept: { 'image/png': ['.png'] }
}]
});
// Then create blob and write
const blob = await createCompositedBlob();
const writable = await handle.createWritable();
await writable.write(blob);
await writable.close();
} catch (err) {
if (err.name !== 'AbortError') console.error('Save failed:', err);
}
} else {
// Fallback for browsers without showSaveFilePicker (e.g. Safari)
await blinkItem(saveItem);
menu.remove();
const blob = await createCompositedBlob();
const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
const a = document.createElement('a');
a.href = url;
a.download = filename;
a.click();
URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
}
});
menu.appendChild(saveItem);
// Copy image option (only if ClipboardItem is supported)
const hasClipboardItem = typeof ClipboardItem !== 'undefined' && navigator.clipboard?.write;
if (hasClipboardItem) {
const copyItem = createMenuItem('Copy Image');
copyItem.addEventListener('click', async () => {
await blinkItem(copyItem);
menu.remove();
const blob = await createCompositedBlob();
try {
await navigator.clipboard.write([
new ClipboardItem({ 'image/png': blob })
]);
// Show toast notification
const toast = document.createElement('div');
toast.textContent = 'Image copied';
toast.style.cssText = `
position: fixed;
top: 20px;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
background: #1a3a5c;
color: #fff;
padding: 12px 20px;
border-radius: 20px;
font: 14px -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif;
z-index: 10001;
opacity: 1;
transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
`;
document.body.appendChild(toast);
setTimeout(() => { toast.style.opacity = '0'; }, 1500);
setTimeout(() => toast.remove(), 1800);
} catch (err) {
// Show error toast (Safari doesn't allow clipboard write)
const toast = document.createElement('div');
toast.textContent = 'Copy not available';
toast.style.cssText = `
position: fixed;
top: 20px;
left: 50%;
transform: translateX(-50%);
background: #5c3a3a;
color: #fff;
padding: 12px 20px;
border-radius: 20px;
font: 14px -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, sans-serif;
z-index: 10001;
opacity: 1;
transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
`;
document.body.appendChild(toast);
setTimeout(() => { toast.style.opacity = '0'; }, 1500);
setTimeout(() => toast.remove(), 1800);
}
});
menu.appendChild(copyItem);
}
document.body.appendChild(menu);
// Close menu when clicking outside or pressing Escape
const closeMenu = (event) => {
if (event.type === 'keydown' && event.key !== 'Escape') return;
if (event.type === 'mousedown' && menu.contains(event.target)) return;
menu.remove();
document.removeEventListener('mousedown', closeMenu, true);
document.removeEventListener('keydown', closeMenu, true);
};
setTimeout(() => {
document.addEventListener('mousedown', closeMenu, true);
document.addEventListener('keydown', closeMenu, true);
}, 0);
}
});
// Handle closebox click on help text
const textClosebox = document.querySelector('#text .closebox');
if (textClosebox) {
textClosebox.addEventListener('click', () => {
document.getElementById('text').style.display = 'none';
});
}
}
onmousedown(e) {
let target = this.eventtarget(e);
// Dispatch mouse down state
if (this.explorer.store) {
this.explorer.store.dispatch(
this.explorer.store.actions.mouseDown(e.button, {
x: e.clientX,
y: e.clientY
})
);
}
if (this.explorer.movieMode.active && (!target || target.id !== 'moviescale')) {
this.explorer.movieMode.toggle();
}
if (e.button !== 0) { return true; }
if (target) {
let m = target.id.match(/b_(\d+)/);
if (e.target.tagName === 'A') {
if (m && !this.explorer.config.mobile) {
e.target.href = this.explorer.grid.bigurl(m[1], e.metaKey || e.ctrlKey);
}
return true;
}
if (m) {
let p = this.pointInTarget(e, target);
let k = parseInt(m[1]);
// Dispatch focused view change
if (this.explorer.store) {
this.explorer.store.dispatch(
this.explorer.store.actions.setFocusedView(k)
);
}
// Clear orbit before creating new view
this.explorer.orbitComputer.updateOrbit(k, -1, target);
this.explorer.zoomManager.cellclick(k, p.x + p.y * this.explorer.config.dimsWidth,
e.metaKey || e.ctrlKey);
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
onmousemove(e) {
let target = this.eventtarget(e);
// Dispatch mouse move state
if (this.explorer.store) {
this.explorer.store.dispatch(
this.explorer.store.actions.mouseMove({
x: e.clientX,
y: e.clientY
})
);
}
if (target) {
let m = target.id.match(/b_(\d+)/);
if (m) {
let p = this.pointInTarget(e, target);
let k = parseInt(m[1]);
let j = p.x + p.y * this.explorer.config.dimsWidth;
this.explorer.orbitComputer.updateOrbit(k, j, target);
}
}
}
onmouseup(e) {
// Dispatch mouse up state
if (this.explorer.store) {
this.explorer.store.dispatch(
this.explorer.store.actions.mouseUp()
);
}
}
setupKeyboardCommands() {
const { grid, config, movieMode, zoomManager, urlHandler } = this.explorer;
this.keyCommands = new Map([
['backspace', { // Close the deepest zoom view
condition: () => grid.views.length > 1 && !grid.currentUpdateProcess,
action: () => {
const k = grid.views.length - 1;
grid.truncateviews(k);
grid.truncatehiddenviews();
urlHandler.updateurl();
}
}],
['c', { // Center all views on the deepest zoom
condition: () => grid.views.length > 1,
action: (e) => zoomManager.centerViews(e.metaKey || e.ctrlKey)
}],
['a', { // Toggle aspect ratio (1:1 ↔ 16:9)
condition: () => !grid.currentUpdateProcess,
action: () => {
const oldFirstsize = config.firstsize;
config.setAspectRatio(
config.aspectRatio === Config.DEFAULT_ASPECT_RATIO ?
Config.WIDESCREEN_ASPECT_RATIO : Config.DEFAULT_ASPECT_RATIO
);
config.initSizes();
const newFirstsize = config.firstsize;
const state = grid.currentGridState();
const scaleFactor = newFirstsize / oldFirstsize;
for (let i = 0; i < state.sizes.length; i++) {
state.sizes[i][0] *= scaleFactor;
}
grid.updateLayout(state);
}
}],
['t', { // Cycle color theme (Shift for reverse)
action: (e) => this.explorer.cycleColorTheme(e.shiftKey)
}],
['u', { // Cycle unknown pixel color (Shift for reverse)
action: (e) => this.explorer.cycleUnknownColor(e.shiftKey)
}],
['i', { // Zoom in at center of deepest view
action: (e) => zoomManager.zoomInAtCurrentPosition(e.metaKey || e.ctrlKey)
}],
['?', { // Show help
action: () => {
document.getElementById('text').style.display = '';
document.getElementById('text').scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth' });
}
}],
['g', { // Shrink grid (fewer columns)
condition: () => config.gridcols > 1,
action: () => {
config.setGridcols(config.gridcols - 1);
grid.updateLayout();
}
}],
['h', { // Grow grid (more columns)
action: () => {
config.setGridcols(config.gridcols + 1);
grid.updateLayout();
}
}],
['r', { // Restore all hidden views
condition: () => !grid.currentUpdateProcess,
action: () => {
grid.showAllViews();
urlHandler.updateurl();
grid.updateHiddenViews();
}
}],
['x', { // Increase exponent (z² → z³ → z⁴...)
action: () => {
config.updateExponent(config.exponent + 1);
grid.updateLayout(config.firststate());
}
}],
['z', { // Decrease exponent (z⁴ → z³ → z²)
condition: () => config.exponent > 2,
action: () => {
config.updateExponent(config.exponent - 1);
grid.updateLayout(config.firststate());
}
}],
['f', { // Increase pixel resolution (finer)
action: () => {
config.setPixelRatio(config.pixelRatio + 1);
grid.updateLayout();
}
}],
['d', { // Decrease pixel resolution (coarser)
condition: () => config.pixelRatio > 1,
action: () => {
config.setPixelRatio(config.pixelRatio - 1);
grid.updateLayout();
}
}],
['m', { // Toggle movie mode
condition: () => grid.views.length > 1,
action: () => movieMode.toggle()
}],
['enter', { // Toggle fullscreen
action: (e) => {
e.preventDefault();
this.explorer.toggleFullscreen();
}
}],
['escape', { // Exit fullscreen
condition: () => document.fullscreenElement,
action: () => this.explorer.toggleFullscreen()
}]
]);
}
onkeydown(e) {
const key = e.key.toLowerCase();
// Movie mode intercepts most keys
if (this.explorer.movieMode.active &&
!['shift', 'alt', 'control', 'meta', 'capslock'].includes(key)) {
this.explorer.movieMode.toggle();
return;
}
// Execute command if registered
const command = this.keyCommands.get(key);
if (command) {
if (!command.condition || command.condition()) {
command.action(e);
}
}
}
onmouseover(e) {
document.body.className = 'hidemarks';
this.explorer.grid.setFocusedView(null);
let target = this.eventtarget(e);
if (target) {
let m = target.id.match(/b_(\d+)/);
if (m) {
let k = parseInt(m[1]);
this.explorer.grid.setFocusedView(k);
if (this.explorer.grid.views.length <= k) return;
document.body.className = '';
let overtarget = e.target;
if (overtarget.tagName == 'A') {
overtarget.showDebug = e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey;
this.explorer.grid.updateProgress(overtarget, k);
const statusDiv = overtarget.querySelector('.status');
if (statusDiv) { statusDiv.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'nearest' }); }
}
} else if (target.id.startsWith('movie') && (!e.target || e.target.id != 'movie')) {
document.body.className = '';
}
}
}
eventtarget(e) {
let target = (e.target ? e.target : e.srcElement ? e.srcElement : null);
while (target) {
if (target.id) { return target; }
target = target.parentNode;
}
return null;
}
pointInTarget(ev, target) {
let se = document.scrollingElement || document.body;
let x = (ev.clientX + se.scrollLeft - this.absoluteLeft(target)) *
this.explorer.config.pixelRatio;
let y = (ev.clientY + se.scrollTop - this.absoluteTop(target)) *
this.explorer.config.pixelRatio;
return { x: Math.round(x), y: Math.round(y) };
}
absoluteLeft(target) {
let left = 0;
while (target) {
left += target.offsetLeft;
target = target.offsetParent;
}
return left;
}
absoluteTop(target) {
let top = 0;
while (target) {
top += target.offsetTop;
target = target.offsetParent;
}
return top;
}
}
// Renders smooth zoom animations and encodes them as MP4 video.
class MovieMode {
constructor(explorer) {
this.explorer = explorer;
this.active = false;
this.movieCanvas = null;
this.movieCtx = null;
this.animationTimer = null;
this.preRenderTimer = null;
this.frameCanvases = [];
this.capturedFrames = []; // Array to store VideoFrames for WebCodecs
this.videoEncoder = null;
this.muxer = null;
this.recordedBlob = null;
this.isRecording = false;
}
toggle() {
this.active = !this.active;
// Dispatch movie mode toggle to state
if (this.explorer.store) {
this.explorer.store.dispatch(
this.explorer.store.actions.toggleMovieMode()
);
}
this.explorer.grid.scheduler.pauseComputation(this.active);
if (this.active) {
this.startMovie();
} else {
this.stopMovie();
}
}
startMovie() {
this.explorer.grid.grid().style.display = 'none';
this.explorer.movieContainer.style.display = 'block';
this.createMovieCanvas();
this.explorer.movieContainer.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth' });
this.preRenderTimer = setTimeout(() => {
document.body.className = '';
this.preRenderFrames(() => {
this.startMovieAnimation();
});
}, 20);
}
stopMovie() {
this.explorer.grid.grid().style.display = 'block';
this.explorer.movieContainer.style.display = 'none';
this.stopMovieAnimation();
this.removeMovieCanvas();
}
createMovieCanvas() {
// Recalculate dimensions in case fullscreen state has changed
this.explorer.config.initSizes();
this.explorer.movieContainer.innerHTML = '<div>' +
`<canvas width=${this.explorer.config.dimsWidth} ` +
`height=${this.explorer.config.dimsHeight} ` +
`style="width:${this.explorer.config.cssDimsWidth}px;` +
`height:${this.explorer.config.cssDimsHeight}px"></canvas>` +
`<span id="moviestatus"></span>` +
`<a id="moviescale" class="zoomnum">${MSG.pre_rendering_movie}</a></div>`;
this.movieCanvas = this.explorer.movieContainer.firstElementChild.firstElementChild;
this.movieCtx = this.movieCanvas.getContext('2d');
this.movieCtx.drawImage(this.explorer.grid.canvas(0), 0, 0);
}
removeMovieCanvas() {
while (this.explorer.movieContainer.firstChild) {
this.explorer.movieContainer.removeChild(this.explorer.movieContainer.firstChild);
}
this.movieCanvas = null;
this.movieCtx = null;
}
preRenderFrames(after) {
this.frameCanvases = [];
this.isPreRendering = true;
let queueOneFrame = (k, after) => {
return () => {
// Abort if movie mode was stopped
if (!this.isPreRendering) {
return;
}
let status = document.getElementById('moviescale');
if (status) {
const scale = this.explorer.grid.views[k].zoomFactor;
status.textContent = `${MSG.pre_rendering_}${formatScale(scale)}`;
}
let canvasPrev = null;
let canvasCurrent = null;
let canvasNext = null;
// Render with k-1 palette (unknown = transparent)
if (k > 0) {
canvasPrev = document.createElement('canvas');
canvasPrev.width = this.explorer.config.dimsWidth;
canvasPrev.height = this.explorer.config.dimsHeight;
const ctxPrev = canvasPrev.getContext('2d');
this.explorer.grid.views[k].draw(ctxPrev, this.explorer.grid.views[k - 1], 'transparent');
if (this.explorer.config.unknowncolor != '#000') {
ctxPrev.strokeStyle = 'yellow';
ctxPrev.lineWidth = this.explorer.config.pixelRatio * this.explorer.config.zoomfactor;
const w = this.explorer.config.dimsWidth;
const h = this.explorer.config.dimsHeight;
ctxPrev.strokeRect(0, 0, w, h);
}
}
// Render with k palette (unknown = black)
canvasCurrent = document.createElement('canvas');
canvasCurrent.width = this.explorer.config.dimsWidth;
canvasCurrent.height = this.explorer.config.dimsHeight;
const ctxCurrent = canvasCurrent.getContext('2d');
this.explorer.grid.views[k].draw(ctxCurrent, this.explorer.grid.views[k], 'black');
// Render with k+1 palette (unknown = black)
if (k < this.explorer.grid.views.length - 1) {
canvasNext = document.createElement('canvas');
canvasNext.width = this.explorer.config.dimsWidth;
canvasNext.height = this.explorer.config.dimsHeight;
const ctxNext = canvasNext.getContext('2d');
this.explorer.grid.views[k].draw(ctxNext, this.explorer.grid.views[k + 1], 'black');
}
this.frameCanvases.push({ prev: canvasPrev, current: canvasCurrent, next: canvasNext });
this.preRenderTimer = setTimeout(after, 1);
};
}
for (let k = this.explorer.grid.views.length - 1; k >= 0; k--) {
after = queueOneFrame(k, after);
}
this.preRenderTimer = setTimeout(after, 0);
}
startMovieAnimation() {
let frame = 0;
let framesteps = 400; // 60 FPS: 400 frames = 6.67 seconds (50% faster than 10 sec)
let endpause = 120; // Scaled for 60 FPS (was 180 for 30 FPS = 6 sec)
let endrecord = 60; // Keep 1 second end recording
const totalFrames = (this.explorer.grid.views.length - 1) * framesteps;
const scaleElement = document.getElementById('moviescale');
const statusElement = document.getElementById('moviestatus');
scaleElement.removeAttribute('href');
statusElement.textContent = 'Capturing frames...';
this.capturedFrames = [];
this.recordedBlob = null;
this.isRecording = true;
const animate = () => {
// Abort if movie mode was stopped
if (!this.isRecording) {
return;
}
const kk = Math.min(frame, totalFrames) / framesteps;
this.drawMovieFrame(kk);
// Capture frame for encoding (only during recording period)
if (frame <= totalFrames + endrecord) {
try {
// Create VideoFrame from canvas with duration for 60 FPS
const videoFrame = new VideoFrame(this.movieCanvas, {
timestamp: this.capturedFrames.length * 16667, // 60 FPS in microseconds
duration: 16667 // Frame duration: 1/60 second = 16667 microseconds
});
this.capturedFrames.push(videoFrame);
// Update status
if (this.capturedFrames.length % 60 === 0) {
statusElement.textContent = `Captured ${this.capturedFrames.length} frames...`;
}
} catch (e) {
console.error('Error capturing frame:', e);
statusElement.textContent = `Error: ${e.message}`;
}
}
frame++;
// Check if we're done capturing
if (frame > totalFrames + endrecord) {
this.isRecording = false;
statusElement.textContent = 'Encoding video...';
// Start encoding after a brief delay to update UI
setTimeout(() => this.encodeVideo(statusElement), 100);
} else if (frame <= totalFrames + endpause) {
// Continue animation
this.animationTimer = requestAnimationFrame(() => animate());
}
};
animate();
}
stopMovieAnimation() {
this.isPreRendering = false;
this.isRecording = false;
if (this.preRenderTimer) {
clearTimeout(this.preRenderTimer);
this.preRenderTimer = null;
}
if (this.animationTimer) {
cancelAnimationFrame(this.animationTimer);
this.animationTimer = null;
}
// Clean up prerendered frame canvases
if (this.frameCanvases) {
this.frameCanvases = [];
}
// Clean up captured frames
if (this.capturedFrames) {
for (let frame of this.capturedFrames) {
frame.close();
}
this.capturedFrames = [];
}
this.recordedBlob = null;
}
async encodeVideo(statusElement) {
try {
// Check WebCodecs support
if (!window.VideoEncoder) {
statusElement.textContent = 'WebCodecs not supported in this browser';
console.error('WebCodecs API not available');
return;
}
if (!window.Mp4Muxer) {
statusElement.textContent = 'mp4-muxer library not loaded';
console.error('mp4-muxer not available');
return;
}
const width = this.movieCanvas.width;
const height = this.movieCanvas.height;
// Calculate appropriate H.264 level based on resolution
// H.264 uses 16x16 macroblocks, so round up to multiples of 16
let codedWidth = Math.ceil(width / 16) * 16;
let codedHeight = Math.ceil(height / 16) * 16;
let codedArea = codedWidth * codedHeight;
// H.264 level limits (format: level hex code, max coded area, level name)
const levels = [
['1E', 414720, '3.0'], // 720x576
['1F', 921600, '3.1'], // 1280x720
['2A', 2073600, '4.2'], // 1920x1080
['34', 8912896, '5.2'], // 4096x2304 (4K)
['3E', 35651584, '6.2'] // 7680x4320 (8K)
];
const maxArea = levels[levels.length - 1][1]; // 8K limit
let encodingWidth = width;
let encodingHeight = height;
let downscaled = false;
// If exceeds maximum, downscale to fit
if (codedArea > maxArea) {
const scaleFactor = Math.sqrt(maxArea * 0.95 / codedArea); // 0.95 for safety margin
encodingWidth = Math.floor(width * scaleFactor);
encodingHeight = Math.floor(height * scaleFactor);
codedWidth = Math.ceil(encodingWidth / 16) * 16;
codedHeight = Math.ceil(encodingHeight / 16) * 16;
codedArea = codedWidth * codedHeight;
downscaled = true;
const msg = `Resolution ${width}x${height} exceeds H.264 limit, ` +
`downscaling to ${encodingWidth}x${encodingHeight}`;
console.warn(msg);
statusElement.textContent = msg;
}
// Select minimum level that supports this resolution
let levelCode = '3E'; // Default to 6.2 (highest)
let levelName = '6.2';
for (const [code, levelMaxArea, name] of levels) {
if (codedArea <= levelMaxArea) {
levelCode = code;
levelName = name;
break;
}
}
const codecString = `avc1.42E0${levelCode}`;
console.log(`Video resolution: ${encodingWidth}x${encodingHeight}, ` +
`coded: ${codedWidth}x${codedHeight} (${codedArea} pixels), ` +
`using H.264 level ${levelName}`);
// Initialize MP4 muxer
this.muxer = new window.Mp4Muxer.Muxer({
target: new window.Mp4Muxer.ArrayBufferTarget(),
video: {
codec: 'avc',
width: encodingWidth,
height: encodingHeight
},
fastStart: 'in-memory'
});
let encodedCount = 0;
const totalFrames = this.capturedFrames.length;
// Initialize video encoder
this.videoEncoder = new VideoEncoder({
output: (chunk, metadata) => {
// Ensure metadata has decoderConfig with colorSpace for Safari compatibility
if (metadata?.decoderConfig && !metadata.decoderConfig.colorSpace) {
metadata.decoderConfig.colorSpace = {
primaries: 'bt709',
transfer: 'bt709',
matrix: 'bt709',
fullRange: false
};
}
this.muxer.addVideoChunk(chunk, metadata);
encodedCount++;
if (encodedCount % 60 === 0) {
const percent = Math.round(100 * encodedCount / totalFrames);
statusElement.textContent = `Encoding: ${percent}%`;
}
},
error: (e) => {
console.error('Encoding error:', e);
statusElement.textContent = `Encoding error: ${e.message}`;
}
});
// Configure encoder for H.264 with dynamically calculated level
this.videoEncoder.configure({
codec: codecString, // H.264 baseline profile with appropriate level
width: encodingWidth,
height: encodingHeight,
bitrate: 30_000_000, // 30 Mbps for high quality
framerate: 60,
// Provide colorSpace to ensure Safari includes it in metadata
colorSpace: {
primaries: 'bt709',
transfer: 'bt709',
matrix: 'bt709',
fullRange: false
}
});
// Create a temporary canvas for downscaling if needed
let tempCanvas, tempCtx;
if (downscaled) {
tempCanvas = document.createElement('canvas');
tempCanvas.width = encodingWidth;
tempCanvas.height = encodingHeight;
tempCtx = tempCanvas.getContext('2d');
}
// Encode all frames
for (let i = 0; i < this.capturedFrames.length; i++) {
const frame = this.capturedFrames[i];
const keyFrame = i % 200 === 0; // Keyframe every 3.33 seconds (200 frames at 60 FPS)
if (downscaled) {
// Scale frame to tempCanvas, then create new VideoFrame
tempCtx.drawImage(frame, 0, 0, encodingWidth, encodingHeight);
const scaledFrame = new VideoFrame(tempCanvas, {
timestamp: frame.timestamp,
duration: frame.duration
});
this.videoEncoder.encode(scaledFrame, { keyFrame });
scaledFrame.close();
} else {
this.videoEncoder.encode(frame, { keyFrame });
}
frame.close(); // Release VideoFrame resources
}
// Wait for encoding to complete
await this.videoEncoder.flush();
this.videoEncoder.close();
// Finalize muxer and get the video file
this.muxer.finalize();
const buffer = this.muxer.target.buffer;
this.recordedBlob = new Blob([buffer], { type: 'video/mp4' });
// Clean up
this.capturedFrames = [];
this.videoEncoder = null;
this.muxer = null;
// Update download link
statusElement.textContent = ''; // Clear status
this.updateDownloadLink();
// Start looping animation
this.startLoopAnimation();
} catch (e) {
console.error('Error encoding video:', e);
statusElement.textContent = `Encoding failed: ${e.message}`;
}
}
startLoopAnimation() {
const framesteps = 400; // Same as recording
const totalFrames = (this.explorer.grid.views.length - 1) * framesteps;
const pauseFrames = 120; // 2 second pause at 60 FPS
let frame = 0;
const animate = () => {
// During main animation
if (frame <= totalFrames) {
const kk = Math.min(frame, totalFrames) / framesteps;
this.drawMovieFrame(kk);
}
// During pause at end - keep showing last frame
frame++;
// Loop back to start after pause
if (frame > totalFrames + pauseFrames) {
frame = 0;
}
// Continue animation indefinitely
this.animationTimer = requestAnimationFrame(() => animate());
};
animate();
}
updateDownloadLink() {
const scaleElement = document.getElementById('moviescale');
scaleElement.textContent = 'Download mp4';
scaleElement.href = URL.createObjectURL(this.recordedBlob);
const k = this.explorer.grid.views.length - 1;
const view = this.explorer.grid.views[k];
// Use QD values for full precision at deep zoom
const coords = formatcomplex(k, view.re, view.im);
scaleElement.download = `mandelbrot${coords}-${view.it}.mp4`;
}
drawMovieFrame(kk) {
if (this.movieCtx == null) { return; }
const k = Math.floor(kk);
const t = kk - k;
const sourceView = this.explorer.grid.views[k];
const targetView = k+1 < this.explorer.grid.views.length ?
this.explorer.grid.views[k+1] : sourceView;
const sourceSize = sourceView.size;
const targetSize = targetView.size;
const zoomRatio = targetSize / sourceSize;
// Use zoom ratio for exponential interpolation
const mulT = Math.pow(zoomRatio, t);
const expT = (zoomRatio == 1.0 ? t : (mulT - 1) / (zoomRatio - 1));
const colorT = expT * expT;
const interpolatedSize = sourceSize * mulT;
// Use QD-precision spline interpolation for center coordinates at deep zoom
const sourceCenter = [sourceView.re, sourceView.im];
const targetCenter = [targetView.re, targetView.im];
const p0 = k > 0 ? [
this.explorer.grid.views[k-1].re,
this.explorer.grid.views[k-1].im] : sourceCenter;
const p1 = sourceCenter;
const p2 = targetCenter
const p3 = k+2 < this.explorer.grid.views.length ? [
this.explorer.grid.views[k+2].re,
this.explorer.grid.views[k+2].im] : targetCenter;
const interpolatedCenter = catmullRomSplineQD(p0, p1, p2, p3, t);
// Clear the movie canvas with black (so unfinished pixels appear black)
this.movieCtx.fillStyle = 'black';
this.movieCtx.fillRect(0, 0, this.explorer.config.dimsWidth,
this.explorer.config.dimsHeight);
// Draw the current frame
const scale = sourceSize / interpolatedSize;
const offsetX = qdToNumber(toQDScale(toQDSub(interpolatedCenter[0], sourceCenter[0]),
this.explorer.config.dimsWidth / sourceSize));
const sourceHeight = sourceSize / this.explorer.config.aspectRatio;
const offsetY = qdToNumber(toQDScale(toQDSub(sourceCenter[1], interpolatedCenter[1]),
this.explorer.config.dimsHeight / sourceHeight));
this.movieCtx.save();
this.movieCtx.imageSmoothingEnabled = true;
this.movieCtx.imageSmoothingQuality = 'high';
const centerX = this.explorer.config.dimsWidth / 2;
const centerY = this.explorer.config.dimsHeight / 2;
this.movieCtx.translate(centerX, centerY);
this.movieCtx.scale(scale, scale);
this.movieCtx.translate(-this.explorer.config.dimsWidth / 2 - offsetX,
-this.explorer.config.dimsHeight / 2 - offsetY);
this.movieCtx.globalAlpha = 1;
// Use pre-rendered current canvas with black unknown pixels
this.movieCtx.drawImage(this.frameCanvases[k].current, 0, 0);
// Blend the color palette of the next frame (unknown = black)
if (this.frameCanvases[k].next) {
this.movieCtx.globalAlpha = colorT;
this.movieCtx.drawImage(this.frameCanvases[k].next, 0, 0);
}
this.movieCtx.restore();
// Draw the next frame
if (k < this.explorer.grid.views.length - 1) {
const targetScale = targetSize / interpolatedSize;
const targetOffsetX = qdToNumber(toQDScale(
toQDSub(interpolatedCenter[0], targetCenter[0]),
this.explorer.config.dimsWidth / targetSize));
const targetHeight = targetSize / this.explorer.config.aspectRatio;
const targetOffsetY = qdToNumber(toQDScale(
toQDSub(targetCenter[1], interpolatedCenter[1]),
this.explorer.config.dimsHeight / targetHeight));
this.movieCtx.save();
this.movieCtx.imageSmoothingEnabled = true;
this.movieCtx.imageSmoothingQuality = 'high';
const targetCenterX = this.explorer.config.dimsWidth / 2;
const targetCenterY = this.explorer.config.dimsHeight / 2;
this.movieCtx.translate(targetCenterX, targetCenterY);
this.movieCtx.scale(targetScale, targetScale);
this.movieCtx.translate(-this.explorer.config.dimsWidth / 2 - targetOffsetX,
-this.explorer.config.dimsHeight / 2 - targetOffsetY);
this.movieCtx.globalAlpha = 1;
// Draw prev palette version (unknown = transparent, shows lower res through)
this.movieCtx.drawImage(this.frameCanvases[k + 1].prev, 0, 0);
this.movieCtx.globalAlpha = colorT;
// Draw current palette version (unknown = black)
this.movieCtx.drawImage(this.frameCanvases[k + 1].current, 0, 0);
this.movieCtx.restore();
}
// Update scale text
if (!this.recordedBlob) {
const currentScale = Math.pow(this.explorer.config.zoomfactor, kk);
document.getElementById('moviescale').textContent = formatScale(currentScale);
}
}
}
// Distributes computation work across web workers and balances load.
class Scheduler {
constructor(grid) {
this.grid = grid;
this.workers = [];
this.boardEfforts = new Map();
this.boardIds = new Map(); // Track board ID at each index k
this.assignments = {};
this.lastBalanceTime = 0;
this.lastReportTime = 0;
this.balanceInterval = 5000; // Move jobs to load-balance every 5 seconds
this.reportInterval = 60000; // Report no more than once every 1 minute
this.workerCount = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(navigator.hardwareConcurrency * 0.75) || 1);
this.webGPUWarningShown = false;
}
addWorker() {
// Show WebGPU warning once when first worker is created
if (this.workers.length === 0 && this.grid.config.enableGPU &&
typeof navigator.gpu === 'undefined' && !this.webGPUWarningShown) {
console.log('WebGPU not available in this browser, falling back to CPU boards');
this.webGPUWarningShown = true;
}
try {
const workerNum = this.workers.length;
let worker;
// Use MockWorker if available (debug mode with 'w' flag)
if (typeof MockWorker !== 'undefined') {
worker = new MockWorker(workerNum);
console.log(`Created MockWorker ${workerNum} (main thread)`);
} else {
// Create real web worker
const workerCode = this.assembleWorkerCode();
const workerBlob = new Blob([workerCode], { type: 'application/javascript' });
const workerUrl = URL.createObjectURL(workerBlob);
worker = new Worker(workerUrl, { name: `Worker ${workerNum}` });
URL.revokeObjectURL(workerUrl);
}
worker.onmessage = this.handleWorkerMessage.bind(this);
this.workers.push(worker);
window[`worker${workerNum}`] = worker;
// Initialize new worker with current hidden boards state
worker.postMessage({
type: 'setHiddenBoards',
data: { hiddenBoards: this.grid.getHiddenViews() }
});
return true;
} catch (e) {
console.log('Failed to start webworker', e);
return false;
}
}
assembleWorkerCode() {
const workerCode = document.getElementById('workerCode');
const mathCode = document.getElementById('mathCode');
const workerStart = document.getElementById('workerStart');
return '// Linefeeds to align line numbers with HTML.\n' +
''.padStart(lastScriptLineNumber, '\n') +
'// <script id="workerCode">' +
workerCode.textContent +
'// <\/script>\n' +
'// <script id="mathCode">' +
mathCode.textContent +
'// <\/script>\n' +
'// <script id="workerStart">' +
workerStart.textContent +
'// <\/script>\n';
}
assignBoardToWorker(k, size, reQD, imQD, config, id) {
let [workerNumber, minLoad] = this.findLeastLoadedWorker();
if (workerNumber == -1 || (minLoad > 0 && this.workers.length < this.workerCount)) {
if (this.addWorker()) {
workerNumber = this.workers.length - 1;
}
}
const worker = this.workers[workerNumber];
const estimatedWork = config.dimsArea * ((size / config.dimsWidth < 1e-15) ? 7 : 1);
this.boardEfforts.set(k, estimatedWork);
this.boardIds.set(k, id); // Track which board ID is at this index
this.assignments[k] = workerNumber;
// Ensure QD coordinates are properly formatted
reQD = toQD(reQD);
imQD = toQD(imQD);
if (!isFinite(size)) {
console.warn(`Board ${k}: non-finite size`, size);
}
worker.postMessage({
type: 'addBoard',
data: {
k,
size,
reQD,
imQD,
config: {
dimsArea: config.dimsArea,
dimsWidth: config.dimsWidth,
dimsHeight: config.dimsHeight,
aspectRatio: config.aspectRatio,
exponent: config.exponent,
enableGPU: config.enableGPU,
forceBoard: config.forceBoard,
debug: config.debug
},
id,
workerNumber
}
});
}
// Remove board at index k. If expectedId is provided, only remove if the
// current board at k has that ID. This prevents removing a newer board
// when an old view tries to clean up.
removeBoardFromWorker(k, expectedId = null) {
// If expectedId is provided, verify it matches before removing
if (expectedId !== null && this.boardIds.get(k) !== expectedId) {
// Board at this index has a different ID - don't remove it
return;
}
this.boardEfforts.set(k, 0);
this.boardIds.delete(k);
this.workers.forEach(worker => {
worker.postMessage({
type: 'removeBoard',
data: { k }
});
});
}
setFocusedBoard(k) {
this.workers.forEach(worker => {
worker.postMessage({
type: 'setFocusedBoard',
data: { k }
});
});
}
setHiddenBoards(hiddenBoards) {
this.workers.forEach(worker => {
worker.postMessage({
type: 'setHiddenBoards',
data: { hiddenBoards }
});
});
}
// Debug method: check for orphan boards (boards without matching views).
// Call this after stableViews cleanup to detect board management bugs.
checkForOrphanBoards(views) {
const activeViewIds = new Set();
for (const view of views) {
if (view && view.id !== undefined) {
activeViewIds.add(view.id);
}
}
let orphanCount = 0;
for (const [k, boardId] of this.boardIds.entries()) {
if (!activeViewIds.has(boardId)) {
console.warn(`Orphan board at k=${k} with id=${boardId} - no matching active view`);
orphanCount++;
}
}
if (orphanCount > 0) {
console.warn(`Found ${orphanCount} orphan board(s). ` +
`Active views: ${views.length}, tracked boards: ${this.boardIds.size}`);
}
}
pauseComputation(pause) {
this.workers.forEach(worker => worker.postMessage({ type: 'pause', data: { pause } }));
}
handleWorkerMessage(e) {
const { type, data } = e.data;
const workerIndex = this.workers.indexOf(e.target);
switch (type) {
case 'log':
console.log(`Worker ${workerIndex}: ${data}`);
break;
case 'boardCreated':
// GPU boards are now transferable via serialization, no special tracking needed
break;
case 'iterations':
this.grid.updateViewFromWorkerResult(data.k, data, workerIndex);
// fallthrough
case 'update':
if ('boardEffort' in data) { this.boardEfforts.set(data.k, data.boardEffort); }
this.checkAndBalance(); // Check if we need to balance the load
explorer.checkAllViewsComplete();
break;
case 'downloadTransfer':
this.handleDownloadTransfer(data, workerIndex);
break;
}
}
checkAndBalance() {
// Only apply load balancing periodically.
const now = Date.now();
if (now - this.lastBalanceTime < this.balanceInterval) { return; }
this.lastBalanceTime = now;
const workerLoads = this.workers.map((_, index) => this.getWorkerLoad(index));
const lowEffort = Math.min(...workerLoads);
const highEffort = Math.max(...Array.from(this.boardEfforts.values()));
if (lowEffort * 2 < highEffort) {
const transferCandidates = [];
const sortedLoad = workerLoads
.map((load, index) => [index, load])
.sort((a, b) => b[1] - a[1]);
for (let [workerIndex, load] of sortedLoad) {
if (load > 2 * lowEffort) {
const workerBoards = this.getWorkerBoards(workerIndex);
if (workerBoards.length > 1) {
// All boards are transferable now (GPU boards support serialization)
const sortedBoards = workerBoards.sort(
(a, b) => this.boardEfforts.get(b) + b/1000 - this.boardEfforts.get(a) - a/1000);
if (now - this.lastReportTime > this.reportInterval) {
console.log(this.report());
this.lastReportTime = now;
}
transferCandidates.push(sortedBoards[1]);
break;
}
}
}
if (transferCandidates.length > 0) {
this.requestTransfers(transferCandidates);
}
}
}
report() {
if (!this.workers.length) { return 'no workers'; }
const workerLoads = this.workers.map(() => 0);
const workerBoards = this.workers.map(() => []);
for (const [boardK, workerIndex] of Object.entries(this.assignments)) {
const effort = this.boardEfforts.get(parseInt(boardK));
if (effort) {
workerBoards[workerIndex].push([parseInt(boardK), effort]);
workerLoads[workerIndex] += effort;
}
}
let result = '';
for (let i = 0; i < workerLoads.length; i++) {
result += `worker ${i} (load ${workerLoads[i]}): `;
workerBoards[i].sort((a, b) => b[1] + b[0]/1000 - a[1] - a[0]/1000);
for (let j = 0; j < workerBoards[i].length; j++) {
result += `${workerBoards[i][j][0]}->${workerBoards[i][j][1]} `;
}
result += '\n';
}
return result;
}
findLeastLoadedWorker() {
if (!this.workers.length) { return [-1, 0]; }
const workerLoads = new Array(this.workers.length).fill(0);
for (const [boardK, workerIndex] of Object.entries(this.assignments)) {
workerLoads[workerIndex] += this.boardEfforts.get(parseInt(boardK)) || 0;
}
const minLoad = Math.min(...workerLoads);
return [workerLoads.indexOf(minLoad), minLoad];
}
getWorkerLoad(workerIndex) {
return Object.entries(this.assignments)
.filter(([_, assignedWorker]) => assignedWorker === workerIndex)
.reduce((sum, [k, _]) => sum + (this.boardEfforts.get(parseInt(k)) || 0), 0);
}
getWorkerBoards(workerIndex) {
return Object.entries(this.assignments)
.filter(([k, assignedWorker]) =>
this.boardEfforts.get(parseInt(k)) > 0 && assignedWorker === workerIndex)
.map(([k, _]) => parseInt(k));
}
requestTransfers(boardKeys) {
// Group transfer requests by worker
for (const [workerIndex, worker] of this.workers.entries()) {
const workerBoards = boardKeys.filter(k => this.assignments[k] === workerIndex);
if (workerBoards.length > 0) {
worker.postMessage({
type: 'requestTransfer',
data: { boardKeys: workerBoards }
});
}
}
}
handleDownloadTransfer(data, sourceWorkerIndex) {
const { transferredBoards } = data;
for (const boardData of transferredBoards) {
// Remove the board from its original worker
delete this.assignments[boardData.k];
// Find the least loaded worker and assign the board to it
const [targetWorkerIndex, minLoad] = this.findLeastLoadedWorker();
this.uploadTransferredBoard(boardData, targetWorkerIndex);
console.log(`transferred ${boardData.type} ${boardData.k} ` +
`from worker ${sourceWorkerIndex} ` +
`to ${targetWorkerIndex} (load ${minLoad})`);
}
}
uploadTransferredBoard(boardData, targetWorkerIndex) {
// Send the board to its new worker
this.workers[targetWorkerIndex].postMessage({
type: 'uploadTransfer',
data: { boardData }
});
// Update assignments and worker loads
this.assignments[boardData.k] = targetWorkerIndex;
}
}
// Computes and displays iteration orbits when hovering over points.
class OrbitComputer {
constructor(explorer) {
this.explorer = explorer;
this.orbitinterval = null;
this.orbittimeout = null;
}
updateOrbit(k, j, target) {
this.stopOrbitProcess();
const orb = [];
const updateorbit = () => {
const [neworb, cyc, ongoing, title] = this.calculateOrbit(k, j, orb);
this.displayOrbit(k, neworb, cyc, target, title, orb.length > 0);
orb.push(...neworb);
if (!ongoing) { this.stopOrbitInterval(); }
return ongoing;
};
if (updateorbit()) {
this.orbitinterval = setInterval(updateorbit, 53);
}
}
stopOrbitInterval() {
if (this.orbitinterval) {
clearInterval(this.orbitinterval);
this.orbitinterval = null;
}
}
stopOrbitProcess() {
this.stopOrbitInterval();
if (this.orbittimeout) {
clearTimeout(this.orbittimeout);
this.orbittimeout = null;
}
}
calculateOrbit(k, j, oldOrb) {
let cyc = [];
let orb = [];
let ongoing = false;
let title = '';
let view = this.explorer.grid.views[k];
if (view && j >= 0 && j < this.explorer.config.dimsArea) {
let c = view.currentc(j); // Returns QD complex format (8 elements)
let z = view.currentz(j); // Returns QD complex format (8 elements)
// Calculate a further orbit beyond the old orbit.
// Orbits now use 8 elements per point (QD complex format)
let finished = Math.max(view.currentp(j) || 0, Math.abs(view.nn[j] || 0));
let whole = Math.min(finished || Math.max(view.it, 8));
let more = Math.min(whole - oldOrb.length / 8, 53);
if (oldOrb.length) {
let s = oldOrb.slice(oldOrb.length - 8);
orb = this.suborbit(s, c, more + 1);
orb.splice(0, 8);
} else {
orb = this.suborbit(c, c, more);
}
if (!finished || (orb.length + oldOrb.length) / 8 < finished) {
ongoing = true;
}
// Calculate a cycle and any messages
// c is QD complex format: [r0, r1, r2, r3, i0, i1, i2, i3]
// Use full QD precision (4 components each) to avoid discretization at deep zoom
title = 'c=' +
formatcomplex(k, [c[0], c[1], c[2], c[3]], [c[4], c[5], c[6], c[7]])
.replaceAll('-', '\u2212');
if (view.nn[j]) {
if (view.nn[j] > 0) {
title += MSG.diverges_in_ + view.nn[j];
} else {
let period = fibonacciPeriod(view.currentp(j));
if (period == 1) {
title += MSG.converges_after_ + formatLargeInt(view.currentp(j));
} else {
const iters = formatLargeInt(view.currentp(j));
const periodStr = formatLargeInt(period);
title += MSG.after_ + iters + MSG.period_ + periodStr;
}
let clen = fibonacciPeriod(view.currentp(j));
// z is already in QD complex format (8 elements)
cyc = z ? this.suborbit(z, c, clen) : [];
}
} else {
ongoing = true;
}
}
return [orb, cyc, ongoing, title];
}
displayOrbit(k, orb, cyc, target, title, preserve) {
// Don't set title if the zoom number's custom tooltip is showing
const zoomnum = target.querySelector('.zoomnum');
const isZoomnumHovered = zoomnum && zoomnum.matches(':hover');
if (!isZoomnumHovered) {
target.setAttribute('title', title);
}
if (!preserve) {
this.explorer.grid.clearseq(k);
}
this.showseq(k, orb, 'yellow');
this.showseq(k, cyc, 'red');
const orbitonallboards = () => {
for (let i = 0; i < this.explorer.grid.views.length; i++) {
if (!this.explorer.grid.hiddencanvas(i) && i != k) {
if (!preserve) {
this.explorer.grid.clearseq(i);
}
this.showseq(i, orb, 'yellow');
this.showseq(i, cyc, 'red');
}
}
};
this.orbittimeout = setTimeout(orbitonallboards, 1);
}
suborbit(z, c, len) {
// z and c are in QD complex format: [r0, r1, r2, r3, i0, i1, i2, i3]
let r = [z[0], z[1], z[2], z[3]];
let j = [z[4], z[5], z[6], z[7]];
const cr = [c[0], c[1], c[2], c[3]];
const cj = [c[4], c[5], c[6], c[7]];
// Result stores 8 elements per point (QD complex format)
let result = [r[0], r[1], r[2], r[3], j[0], j[1], j[2], j[3]];
while (result.length < len * 8) {
let j2 = toQDSquare(j);
let ja = toQDMul(toQDDouble(r), j);
let r2 = toQDSquare(r);
let ra = toQDSub(r2, j2);
for (let ord = 2; ord < this.explorer.config.exponent; ord++) {
let rt = toQDSub(toQDMul(r, ra), toQDMul(j, ja));
ja = toQDAdd(toQDMul(r, ja), toQDMul(j, ra));
ra = rt;
}
r = toQDAdd(ra, cr);
j = toQDAdd(ja, cj);
result.push(r[0], r[1], r[2], r[3], j[0], j[1], j[2], j[3]);
}
return result;
}
showseq(k, seq, color) {
if (k >= this.explorer.grid.views.length) { return; }
const overlay = this.explorer.grid.overlay(k);
if (!overlay) { return; }
let ctx = overlay.getContext('2d');
ctx.fillStyle = color;
// Use QD values for full precision
const view = this.explorer.grid.views[k];
const s = view.size;
const crQD = view.re;
const cjQD = view.im;
// seq is in QD complex format: 8 elements per point
for (let i = 0; i < seq.length; i += 8) {
let r = [seq[i], seq[i+1], seq[i+2], seq[i+3]];
let j = [seq[i+4], seq[i+5], seq[i+6], seq[i+7]];
let x = (qdToNumber(toQDSub(r, crQD)) / s + 0.5) * this.explorer.config.dimsWidth;
const sHeight = s / this.explorer.config.aspectRatio;
let y = (qdToNumber(toQDSub(cjQD, j)) / sHeight + 0.5) * this.explorer.config.dimsHeight;
const w = this.explorer.config.dimsWidth;
const h = this.explorer.config.dimsHeight;
if (x >= 0 && y >= 0 && x < w && y < h) {
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(x, y, 1 * this.explorer.config.pixelRatio, 0, 2 * Math.PI, false);
ctx.fill();
}
}
}
}
// Coordinates progressive canvas redraws as computation results arrive.
class RedrawProcess {
constructor(explorer) {
this.grid = explorer.grid;
this.timer = null;
}
start() {
this.stop(); // Ensure any existing cycle is stopped
// Get current views and sort order (visible views first, then by index descending)
this.canvasOrder = this.grid.views.map((b, i) => i).sort(
(a, b) => (this.grid.hiddencanvas(a) * 1 - this.grid.hiddencanvas(b) * 1)
* this.grid.views.length + (b - a));
this.drawNext();
}
stop() {
if (this.timer) {
clearTimeout(this.timer);
this.timer = null;
}
}
drawNext() {
if (this.canvasOrder.length) {
const index = this.canvasOrder.shift();
const view = this.grid.views[index]; // Always get current view from grid
const canvas = this.grid.canvas(index);
if (canvas && view) {
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
view.draw(ctx);
}
this.timer = setTimeout(() => this.drawNext(), 0);
} else {
this.stop();
}
}
}
// Utility functions
// Check if any center points from oldCenters are missing in newCenters.
// Used to determine when to push to browser history (for back button support).
function centersWereLost(oldCenters, newCenters) {
if (!oldCenters) return false;
if (oldCenters === newCenters) return false;
// Parse centers into arrays of coordinate strings
const oldParts = oldCenters.split(',').filter(s => s.length > 0);
const newParts = newCenters.split(',').filter(s => s.length > 0);
// If old had more centers, some were lost
if (oldParts.length > newParts.length) return true;
// Check if all old centers are present in new (in order, as prefix)
// This handles the case of zooming deeper (adding centers) vs clicking elsewhere
for (let i = 0; i < oldParts.length; i++) {
if (i >= newParts.length || oldParts[i] !== newParts[i]) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
// Format zoom level for URL (z parameter) - compact scientific notation
// Strips trailing zeros: 5.00e+3 → 5e3, 1.50e+10 → 1.5e10
function formatZoom(z) {
let s = z.toExponential(2);
// Strip trailing zeros from mantissa and unnecessary + in exponent
return s.replace(/\.?0+e/, 'e').replace('e+', 'e').replace('e0$', '');
}
// Format scale for human-readable display (e.g., "2.5x", "100x", "5.25e+25")
function formatScale(scale) {
if (scale < 10) {
return +scale.toFixed(1) + 'x';
} else if (scale < 100000) {
return +scale.toFixed(0) + 'x';
} else {
return scale.toExponential(2);
}
}
function toSimpleFraction(decimal, maxDenominator = 100) {
// Use continued fractions to find the best rational approximation
// Returns [numerator, denominator]
let bestNum = 1, bestDen = 1;
let bestError = Math.abs(decimal - 1);
// Continued fractions algorithm
let h1 = 1, h2 = 0;
let k1 = 0, k2 = 1;
let x = decimal;
for (let i = 0; i < 20; i++) { // Limit iterations
const a = Math.floor(x);
const h = a * h1 + h2;
const k = a * k1 + k2;
if (k > maxDenominator) break;
const error = Math.abs(decimal - h/k);
if (error < bestError) {
bestNum = h;
bestDen = k;
bestError = error;
}
if (error < 1e-10) break; // Close enough
x = 1 / (x - a);
h2 = h1; h1 = h;
k2 = k1; k1 = k;
}
return [bestNum, bestDen];
}
function formatcomplex(k, re, im) {
const view = explorer.grid.views[k];
const pix = view.pixelSize;
let digits = Math.max(0, -Math.floor(Math.log10(pix)));
// Use BigInt-based conversion for exact decimal output
const reQD = toQD(re);
const imQD = toQD(im);
let rd = qdToDecimalString(reQD, digits);
let id = qdToDecimalString(imQD, digits);
let rs = reQD[0] < 0.0 ? '-' : '+';
let is = imQD[0] < 0.0 ? '-' : '+';
// Omit zero terms from complex number
return ((rs + rd + is + id + 'i').
replace(/\+0i$/, '').replace(/^\+0(?=[-+])/, '').replace(/^\+/, ''));
}
function formatLargeInt(i) {
// Put a comma or period between thousands.
return Intl.NumberFormat().format(i);
}
function hclColor(h, c, l) {
// Normalize hue to be between 0 and 360 degrees
// Chroma and Luminance should be between 0 and 100.
h = h % 360;
if (h < 0) h += 360;
c = Math.min(Math.max(c, 0), 100);
l = Math.min(Math.max(l, 0), 100);
// Convert to radians
const hRad = h * Math.PI / 180;
// Constants for conversion
const u = Math.cos(hRad) * c;
const v = Math.sin(hRad) * c;
// Direct conversion from HCL to RGB
let r = l + 0.09551990792716 * u + 0.05406649830715 * v;
let g = l - 0.03947567534454 * u - 0.01829165033556 * v;
let b = l - 0.19638676772419 * u - 0.45388640918783 * v;
// Apply gamma correction and convert to eight-bit value
[r, g, b] = [r, g, b].map((x) => {
return intcolor(gammaCorrect(x / 100));
});
return `rgb(${r},${g},${b})`
}
function gammaCorrect(channel) {
if (channel <= 0.0031308) {
return 12.92 * channel;
} else {
return 1.055 * Math.pow(channel, 1/2.4) - 0.055;
}
}
// Converts normalized [0,1] float to 8-bit color string.
function intcolor(n) {
if (n <= 0) { return "0"; }
if (n >= 1) { return "255"; }
return (n * 255).toString(10);
}
// Lineweaver-Burk estimate for how many pixels will be black
function estimateLimit(data) {
// Transform data: x becomes 1/x
const transformedData = data.map(point => ({
x: 1 / (point.x ** 0.75),
y: point.y,
weight: point.weight || 1 // Default weight to 1 if not provided
}));
// Calculate weighted means
let sumWeights = 0;
let sumWeightedX = 0;
let sumWeightedY = 0;
for (let point of transformedData) {
sumWeights += point.weight;
sumWeightedX += point.weight * point.x;
sumWeightedY += point.weight * point.y;
}
const meanX = sumWeightedX / sumWeights;
const meanY = sumWeightedY / sumWeights;
// Calculate slope and intercept
let numerator = 0;
let denominator = 0;
for (let point of transformedData) {
numerator += point.weight * (point.x - meanX) * (point.y - meanY);
denominator += point.weight * Math.pow(point.x - meanX, 2);
}
const slope = numerator / denominator;
const intercept = meanY - slope * meanX;
// The intercept is our estimate of the limit as 1/x approaches 0 (i.e., as x approaches infinity)
return intercept;
}
// Under Puppeteer, use 0 so worker blob has no line padding (for coverage alignment).
var lastScriptLineNumber = navigator.webdriver ? 0 :
new Error().stack.match(/:(\d+)/)[1] | 0;
|